Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the study of Life Flashcards
BIOLOGY
the scientific study of life
EMERGENT PROPERTIES
new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owning to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
.Refers to the required order ( arrangement/ organization) that a system requires to function.
.Disrupting a living system interferes with its functioning
( form fits function)
EVOLUTION
.Descent with modification
.The idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones
. The change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.
REDUCTIONISM
The approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
SYSTEM
is a combination of components that function together. This can be at any level of organization
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Is an approach that attempts to model dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts.
. Successful models enable biologists to predict how change in one or more variables will affect other components and the whole system
PRODUCERS
Photosynthetic organisms
CONSUMERS
Organisms, that feed on producers and other consumers
The energy flow from sunlight to producers to consumers
Sunlight—> Producers absorb light energy and transform it into chemical energy—-> the chemical energy in food is transferred from plants to consumers
. Leaves absorb light energy from the sun—->leaves take in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen____>Animals take in the oxygen and eat the leaves and fruits from the tree
Transfer of energy to do work
An animal’s muscle cells convert chemical energy from food to kinetic energy ( a plant’s cell use chemical energy to do work such as growing leaves)—->When energy is used to do work, some energy is converted to thermal energy, which is lost as heat
CYCLING OF CHEMICAL NUTRIENTS
leaves fall to the ground and are decomposed by organisms that return minerals to the soil—-> Water and minerals in the soil are taken up by the tree through its roots
Hierarchy of the organization of life
atoms molecules (A chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms organelles( the various functional components present in cells)
cells ( life’s fundament unit of structure and function)
tissue ( made up of a group of cells that work together performing a specialized function
organs (a team of of organs that cooperate in a larger function)
organ system ( a body part that carries out a particular function in the body)
organism ( individual living things)
population (species) ( consist of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.
communities ( the array of organism inhabiting a particular ecosystem
ecosystem ( All living things in a particular region along with all non living components)
biosphere ( consist of life on Earth and all places life exists)
The 2 major type of cells
- Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic
PROKARYOTIC CELLS subgroup
Made up of of 2 groups of microorganism
- archea
- bacteria
EUKARYOTIC CELS
- contains a nucleus
- Dna found un the nucleus
- cytoplasm
