Chapter 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Why is the cell so important?

Answer 1

The cell is the basic unit of all biology; all living organisms consist of one or more cells.

Question 2

In 1665, who first observed the ‘tiny compartments’ where he later labeled cellulae?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

In the 1830’s, with improvement of magnification, who first observed what he called a nucleus in plant cells?

Answer 3

Robert Brown

Question 4

In 1838, who postulated his theory of cellular organization in plants?

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden

Question 5

What was Matthias Schleidens’ cellular organization for plants?

Answer 5

1) All plants consist of one or more cells.

2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all plants.

Question 6

In 1839, who postulates his unified theory of cellular organization.

Answer 6

Theodor Schwann

Question 7

What was Theodor Schwanns’ unified theory of cellular organization?

Answer 7

1) All organisms consist of one or more cells

2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.

Question 8

In 1855, who exteded Schwann’s theory by adding the third tenent of basic cell biology?

Answer 8

Karl Nageli

Question 9

What was the their teneet Nageli added to Schwann’s theory?

Answer 9

All cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 10

Who proposed the Cell Theory

Answer 10

Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839)

Question 11

What is the Cell Theory?

Answer 11

1) All organisms consist of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.
3) Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.
4) All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cell.

Question 12

Cytology

Answer 12

Study of cellular structure and organization using light microscope and electron microscope.

Question 13

Biochemistry

Answer 13

Study of cellular structure with non-microscopic methods and study of cellular function by characterizing chemical reactions of biomolecules.

Question 14

Molecular Biology

Answer 14

Study of how cellular functions are (1) regulated and (2) transmitted from one generation to another - by characterizing interactions between processes involving DNA, RNA and protein metabolism.

Question 15

Light Microscope

Answer 15

Limits imposed by wavelength of light.

Question 16

Electron Microscope

Answer 16

Governed by wavelengths of electrons.

Question 17

Limit of resolution

Answer 17

How far apart adjacent objects must be in order to be distinguished.

Question 18

What’s TEM?

Answer 18

Transmission electron microscope.

Question 19

What’s SEM?

Answer 19

Scanning electron microscopy

Question 20

All cells _____.

Answer 20

1) Are enclosed by plasma membrane.

2) Contain DNA as genetic information.

Question 21

Eukaryotic cells _____.

Answer 21

Possess a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.

Question 22

Cytoplasm

Answer 22

All of the cell content outside the nucleus

Question 23

Cytosol

Answer 23

Cytoplasmic content outside membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 24

Typically, how big are animal and plant cells?

Answer 24

Between 5 and 20 micrometers (um).

Question 25

What is the best resolution for electron microscopy?

Answer 25

0.2 nm.

Question 26

If you want to examine a cellular structure that is <0.1 um, what type of microscope would you chose to perform such a study?

Answer 26

Electron Microscope