Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards
Why is the cell so important?
The cell is the basic unit of all biology; all living organisms consist of one or more cells.
In 1665, who first observed the ‘tiny compartments’ where he later labeled cellulae?
Robert Hooke
In the 1830’s, with improvement of magnification, who first observed what he called a nucleus in plant cells?
Robert Brown
In 1838, who postulated his theory of cellular organization in plants?
Matthias Schleiden
What was Matthias Schleidens’ cellular organization for plants?
1) All plants consist of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all plants.
In 1839, who postulates his unified theory of cellular organization.
Theodor Schwann
What was Theodor Schwanns’ unified theory of cellular organization?
1) All organisms consist of one or more cells
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.
In 1855, who exteded Schwann’s theory by adding the third tenent of basic cell biology?
Karl Nageli
What was the their teneet Nageli added to Schwann’s theory?
All cells arise only from preexisting cells.
Who proposed the Cell Theory
Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839)
What is the Cell Theory?
1) All organisms consist of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.
3) Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.
4) All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cell.
Cytology
Study of cellular structure and organization using light microscope and electron microscope.
Biochemistry
Study of cellular structure with non-microscopic methods and study of cellular function by characterizing chemical reactions of biomolecules.
Molecular Biology
Study of how cellular functions are (1) regulated and (2) transmitted from one generation to another - by characterizing interactions between processes involving DNA, RNA and protein metabolism.
Light Microscope
Limits imposed by wavelength of light.
Electron Microscope
Governed by wavelengths of electrons.
Limit of resolution
How far apart adjacent objects must be in order to be distinguished.
What’s TEM?
Transmission electron microscope.
What’s SEM?
Scanning electron microscopy
All cells _____.
1) Are enclosed by plasma membrane.
2) Contain DNA as genetic information.
Eukaryotic cells _____.
Possess a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.
Cytoplasm
All of the cell content outside the nucleus
Cytosol
Cytoplasmic content outside membrane-enclosed organelles.
Typically, how big are animal and plant cells?
Between 5 and 20 micrometers (um).
What is the best resolution for electron microscopy?
0.2 nm.
If you want to examine a cellular structure that is <0.1 um, what type of microscope would you chose to perform such a study?
Electron Microscope
