Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards
Once underdeveloped countries (e.g., China, India, Mexico) are becoming major players in manufacturing
Globalization
Parts and products once made in the Philippines are now being made offshore (overseas) or near-shore
International outsourcing
Use of suppliers within the Philippines to provide parts and services
Local outsourcing
Companies that specialize in manufacturing entire products, not just parts, under contract to other companies
Contract manufacturing
Customers, both consumer and corporate, demand products of the highest quality
Quality expectations
Manufacturers must be efficient in in their operations to overcome the labor cost advantage of international competitors
Need for operational efficiency
automated equipment instead of labor
Automation
because manufacturing usually involves a sequence of activities
Material handling technologies
integration and coordination of multiple automated or manual workstations
Manufacturing systems
It is to compete in the low-volume/high-mix product categories
Flexible manufacturing
to achieve the high quality expected by today’s customers
Quality programs
more work with fewer resources
Lean production
It is a collection of people, equipment, and procedures organized to accomplish the manufacturing operations of a company
Production System
What are the 2 categories of Production System
Facilities &
Manufacturing support systems
It is the factory and equipment in the facility and the way the facility is organized (plant layout)
Facilities
It is the set of procedures used by a company to manage production and to solve technical and logistics problems in ordering materials, moving work through the factory, and ensuring that products meet quality standards
Manufacturing support systems
Facilities include the factory, production machines and tooling, material handling equipment, inspection equipment, and computer systems that control the manufacturing operations
Production System Facilities
It is the way the equipment is physically arranged in the factory
Plant layout
it is a logical groupings of equipment and workers in the factory
▪ Production line
▪ Stand-alone workstation and worker
Manufacturing systems
What are the 3 categories in terms of the human participation in the processes performed by the manufacturing system?
- Manual work systems
- Worker-machine systems
- Automated systems
a worker performing one or more tasks without the aid of powered tools, but sometimes using hand tools
Manual work systems
a worker operating powered equipment
Worker-machine systems
a process performed by a
machine without direct participation of a human
Automated systems
sales and marketing, order entry, cost accounting, customer billing
Business functions
research and development, design engineering, prototype shop
Product design
process planning, production planning, MRP, capacity planning
Manufacturing planning
shop floor control, inventory control, quality control
Manufacturing control
3 basic types of Automated Manufacturing Systems
- Fixed automation
- Programmable automation
- Flexible automation
A manufacturing system in which the sequence of processing (or assembly) operations is fixed by the equipment configuration
Fixed Automation
What type of Automation that has typical features:
▪ Suited to high production quantities
▪ High initial investment for custom-engineered equipment
▪ High production rates
▪ Relatively inflexible in accommodating product variety
Fixed Automation
A manufacturing system designed with the capability to change the sequence of operations to accommodate different product configurations
Programmable Automation
What type of Automation that has typical features:
▪ High investment in general purpose equipment
▪ Lower production rates than fixed automation
▪ Flexibility to deal with variations and changes in product configuration
▪ Most suitable for batch production
▪ Physical setup and part program must be changed between jobs (batches
Programmable Automation
An extension of programmable automation in which the system is capable of changing over from one job to the next with no lost time between jobs
Flexible Automation
What type of Automation that has typical features:
▪ High investment for custom-engineered system
▪ Continuous production of variable mixes of products
▪ Medium production rates
▪ Flexibility to deal with soft product variety
Flexible Automation
What does U.S.A principle mean?
- Understand the existing process
- Simplify the process
- Automate the process
Single-station manned cells working independently
▪ Advantages: quick to set up, low-cost tooling
Phase 1 – Manual production
▪ Single-station automated cells operating
independently
▪ As demand grows and automation can be justified
Phase 2 – Automated production
Multi-station system with serial operations and automated transfer of work units between stations
Phase 3 – Automated integrated production
Business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company’s own employees and staff.
a. Globalization
b. International Outsourcing
c. Contract Manufacturing
d. Local Outsourcing
a. Globalization
. Capable of producing a variety of parts with virtually no time lost for changeovers from one part style to the next.
a. Fixed automation
b. Programmable automation
c. Flexible automation
d. Automation Migration Strategy
c. Flexible automation
Productivity is defined as:
a. Number of items manufactured per day
b. Output per man-hour of labour
c. Cost per day
d. Cost per unit
b. Output per man-hour of labour
The principal means of communicating with the
customer.
Business functions
Clerical worker entering data into a PC is an example of what category of manufacturing systems?
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