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A&P 1 - Fall 2022 > Chapter 1 - Intro to the Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

conformational homeostasis

A

varies based on environment; cold blooded organisms

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2
Q

regulatory homeostasis

A

constant; warm blooded organisms

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3
Q

homeostatic mechanisms rebalance

A

stimulus, receptor, input, control center, output, effector, response

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4
Q

negative feedback

A

opposite of deviation

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5
Q

what is an example of negative feedback?

A

glucose regulation
blood pressure

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6
Q

positive feedback

A

same direction as deviation

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7
Q

what is an example of positive feedback?

A

platelet & wound healing
contractions during labor

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8
Q

order of the levels of organization (small to large)

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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9
Q

what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

A

anatomy: structure
physiology: function

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10
Q

true or false: organ systems work alone to maintain homeostasis

A

false: they work together to maintain homeostasis
ex. digestive system takes in food and breaks it down into nutrients, circulatory system transports nutrients throughout the body

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11
Q

name the 11 organ systems

A

urinary system
reproductive system
digestive system
respiratory system
lymphatic system
endocrine system
circulatory/cardiovascular system
nervous system
muscular system
skeletal system
integumentary system

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12
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

feet shoulder width apart, palms up, arms at side

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13
Q

what are the two major divisions of the body?

A

axial and appendicular

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14
Q

what is included in the axial division?

A

head, neck, and trunk

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15
Q

what is include in the appendicular division?

A

arms and legs

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16
Q

superior

A

above

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17
Q

inferior

A

below

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18
Q

ventral/anterior

A

front

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19
Q

dorsal/posterior

A

back

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20
Q

medial

A

towards midline

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21
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

22
Q

distal

A

away from attachment point

23
Q

proximal

A

near attachment point

24
Q

superficial

A

toward body surface

25
Q

deep

A

away from body surface

26
Q

what does superior and inferior delineate the body into?

A

top and bottom

27
Q

what does ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) delineate the body into?

A

front and back

28
Q

what does medial, lateral, and intermediate delineate the body into?

A

compares distance from the midline

29
Q

intermediate

A

somewhere in between

30
Q

what does proximal and distal delineate the body into?

A

distance from the limb attachment to body or origin of the body part

31
Q

what does superficial (external) and deep (internal) delineate the body into?

A

toward/away from the body surface

32
Q

what does the midsagittal divide the body into?

A

left and right

33
Q

what does the frontal plane divide the body into?

A

anterior and posterior

34
Q

what does the transverse plane divide the body into?

A

superior and inferior

35
Q

true or false: images such as x-rays, ct’s, and mri’s are taken using one of the 3 body planes

A

true

36
Q

what is the function of the body cavities and membranes?

A

primarily protection while permitting changes in the size and shape of organs

37
Q

name the 7 body cavities

A

dorsal, ventral, cranial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

38
Q

how many regions does the abdominal cavity have?

A

9

39
Q

what does cardi- mean?

A

heart

40
Q

what does hypo- mean?

A

below

41
Q

what does chondro- mean?

A

cartilage

42
Q

what does gastric- mean?

A

stomach

43
Q

what does hyper- mean?

A

above

44
Q

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity?

A

right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower

45
Q

what are serous membranes?

A

continuous membrane that lines the inside of the body cavities and the outside of the internal organs

46
Q

what are serous membranes?

A

lubricating fluid that reduces friction and provides cushion to organs

47
Q

what does parietal serosa line in the body?

A

lines the inside of the body cavity wall

48
Q

what does visceral serosa line in the body?

A

lines the outside of organs

49
Q

what are some of the other smaller cavities that are exposed to the environment?

A

oral + digestive, nasal, orbital, middle ear

50
Q

what small cavities isn’t exposed to the environment?

A

synovial cavities (joint cavities)

A&P 1 - Fall 2022 (7 decks)

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