Chapter 1: Fundamental Ideas Flashcards
What holds atoms tightly together in compounds?
Chemical bonds
What are the rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the relative mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons: +1 and 1
Neutrons: 0 and 1
Electrons: -1 and 0
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
What is the mass number?
Number of protons plus neutrons.
To find the number of neutrons take mass number- atomic number
Does any atom have equal numbers of protons and electrons?
Yep
What do atoms with the same amount of electrons in their outer shell have in conman
They all come from the same group.
What determines the way an element reacts?
Number of electrons the element contains.
What group in the periodic table has stable arrangements and are un-reactive?
The Noble gasses
Atoms can react to form compounds in what ways?
Ionic bonding- the transfer of electrons
Covalent bonding- sharing electrons
Explain what hep pens in the process of ionic bonding.
A metal and non-metal react together. The metals form positive ions and the non- metals produce negative ions. Both charges attract each other forming a giant lattice.
What is a lattice?
An regular arrangement of atoms.
Explain what happens in the process of covalent bonding.
Two non- metals bond together by sharing their electrons in their outermost shells. The pair of shared electrons then form a bond.
What is an element?
An substance that is only made up of one type of atom.
Why when we mix elements together we can easily separate them?
Because the elements have not chemically joined together so can be separated easily.
