Chapter 1: Exercise Science Flashcards
Cardiac output (CO)
The amount of blood that flows from each ventricle of the heart in one minute
Anaerobic threshold
The point at which the body can no longer supply the cell with oxygen
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing protein in the blood that carries oxygen
Myoglobin
The same as hemoglobin but in the muscles; it carries oxygen from the capillaries to the mitochondria of the cell
Mitochondria
The furnace/power house of the muscle cell where most of the cell’s energy is made
Aerobic capacity - VO2 Max
The total capacity to consume oxygen at the cellular level
Fuel usage at:
- Rest
- 50% HR Max
- 90% HR Max
Rest = fat
50% HR Max = 50% carbs, 50% fat
90% HR Max = carbs
Blood pressure (BP)
The pressure of circulating blood against the arterial walls
Systolic pressure
Pressure caused by contraction of the left ventricle when the heart forces the blood through the arterial system
Diastolic pressure
The pressure left in the system when heart relaxes (between beats)
What is the average healthy blood pressure?
120/80 mmHG
What is high blood pressure?
140/90 mmHG or over
Motor nerve (efferent)
The nerve that goes from the brain to the muscle, telling the muscle to act
Sensory nerve (afferent)
Senses what’s going on at a muscle or other part of the body and sends the message up to the brain
Motor unit
The motor nerve (or neuron) and all the muscle fibers that it stimulates
Fast Twitch (Type 2b): Fast Glycolytic (FG)
Anaerobic alactic, ATP/CP, 20-25 sec (e.g. sprinter, weight lifting)
Fast Twitch (Type 2a): Oxidative - Glycolytic (FOG)
Anaerobic lactic, ATP/oxygen, 1-3 min (e.g. 800m run)
Slow Twitch (Type 1): Slow Oxidative (SO)
Aerobic, oxygen, 10+ min (e.g. marathon)
What is the caloric energy value for the different essential nutrients (carbs, protein, and fat)?
Carbs = 4 cal/g Proteins = 4 cal/g Fats = 9 cal/g
What is the formula for Cardiac Output?
CO = SV X HR
? is the first area to return to pre-training level when training stopped
VO2 max
Efficiency of the heart and lungs depends on what three factors?
- Oxygen carrying capacity (Hemoglobin)
- Oxygen extraction ability (Myoglobin)
- Cardiac Output (CO = SV X HR)
What are the functions of muscles?
- Posture - holds body erect
- Protection - cushions vital organs and blood vessels
- Movement - locomotion
