Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

philosophy > Chapter 1 exam > Flashcards

Chapter 1 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Prophet

A

A specific type of religious person that speaks for a god. He or she does not primarily predict the future.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Scripture

A

Texts which a religion speaks authoritatively to their adherents’ lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Canon

A

The canon of a religion can change over time. It is a religious rule put in place by someone of authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Creed

A

A declaration of faith, often recited as part of a worship service or personal prayer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Schism

A

A split within a religious group that does not result in two wholly separate religions. Splits that appear to be permanent result in two or more sects within the religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mysticism

A

Religions often have sects that reject the traditional religious practice, organization, and leadership of their religion for a direct, personal connection between the adherents and God, gods, or the divine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Orthodoxy

A

The group of things a religion mandates its members to think, or right thinking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theology

A

The nature of God, gods, or the divine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polytheism

A

There are many gods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Henotheism

A

There is one primary god, though also many other lesser gods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monotheism

A

There is ONE and ONLY ONE God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Agnosticism

A

Whether there is a god or not cannot be known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atheism

A

There is no god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chaos-order

A

Gods emerge from primordial chaos to bring order to the universe and then birth additional gods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pantheism

A

God is in everything, or God is everything.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Omnipresence

A

God is E V E R Y W H E R E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Omniscience

A

God is A L L - K N O W I N G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Omnipotence

A

All powerful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Immutability

A

Never- changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Theophany

A

An appearance of god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Animism

A

non- human things like animals, plants, rocks, rivers, mountains have souls or spirits; these souls or spirits can interact with the human world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Theodicy

A

How to explain why God allows the existence of evil, allows people to suffer who do not deserve to, etc….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Orthopraxy

A

the group of things a religion mandates its member to do. “right doing.”
In other words, orthopraxy refers to the actions required by a religion of its members, such as charity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ethics

A

1) The problem
Death, reincarnation, suffering, alienation (from God or humanity, or the universe), eternal damnation
2) the solution
Life, elimination of self, elimination of attachment, reconciliation (with God or humanity or the universe), salvation
3) the way to accomplish the solution
Actions, beliefs, contemplation, sacraments, faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

“For the Greater Good” defense

A

suffering brings about a greater good in the end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“Free Will” defense

A

God allows humans free will to choose the good, so evil is the responsibility of humans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ethics

A

issues of conduct, right action, goodness, and justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Metaethics

A

The nature of ethics itself such as the meaning of goodness or justice, the origins of morality, and the foundations of moral thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Normative ethics

A

how we should act in general in order to achieve the best outcomes, become good people, or ensure fair treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Applied ethics

A

How we should act when faced with specific practical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Morality

A

A moral action will respect the dignity and value of other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Deontology

A

Doing what is right regardless of the situation or consequences.
For example, telling the truth. It might be seen as a good regardless of the consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Consequentialism

A

Whether an action result in a good outcome or consequence determines whether the action is moral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Virtue Ethics

A
  • moral actions are those which develop virtues or praiseworthy traits in the individual. The most important question in virtue ethics is not what should i do, but what kind of person should I be
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Divine command ethics

A

Morality is determined by the will of God.
God commands what is good and prohibits what is evil.

Doing what God tells you to do . morality is determined by the will of God. if God tells u to sacrifice something , you do it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Shaman

A

a person specially attuned to the divine and capable of dealing with it for others.
The precursor of the priest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Myths

A

Religious stories, which does not imply that they are false.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Worship

A

Actions intended to tell the religious stories or please the gods or get favor with the gods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Magic

A

Actions intended to force or compel the gods to do something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Pantheon

A

A collection of all the gods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Mesopotamia

A

the definition means between rivers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Sumerians

A

Emerged as one of the first civilizations around 3000BCE. They called themselves “ The Black Headed People.”
Their main city was URUK.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Persian Empire

A

Around 550 BCE, the Persian empire comes in from the east and the establishment of its religion Zoroastrianism puts an end to Mesopotamian religion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Abraham

A

The father of the Jewish people.
came from Mesopotamia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Shamash

A

The sun god, responsible for overseeing the administration of the law.

46
Q

gods El and Ishtar

A

The most important gods of Mesopotamia.
The semitic god El is worshiped throughout the ancient middle east and is the forerunner of the Jewish God El and the muslim god allah.

Ishtar worship outlasts the rest of Mesopotamian religion, though her fertility cult degenerates into essentially prostitution.

47
Q

Marduk

A

the god of the city of Babylon.

48
Q

Ziggurats

A

Temples. The hebrew bible’s tower of babel ( the languages story)

49
Q

Hammurabi

A

A Babylonian king of the 18th century BCE.

50
Q

Sargon

A

An Akkadian king from the period of the Akkadian conquest of Sumer.

Sargon’s mother set him adrift in a basket on a river, the baby was rescued by one of the king’s men and grew up to be a mighty king.

51
Q

What did the Gilgamesh reading tell us about Mesopotamian religious beliefs?

A

Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, seeks out immortality, travelling to the realm of the dead, where his ancestor, immortal Utnapishtim, lives.
- there are gods, but they are hardly involved in the lives of humans
- almost all humans are mortal and have nothing to look forward to in an afterlife.

52
Q

Chaos in the Utnapishtim story

A

It shows that the ancient world religions believed the gods could control the power of chaos.
- the gods unleash the chaos of flooding to destroy the humans they created.

53
Q

Order in the Utnapishtim story

A

Sometimes the origin stories of the gods are that they emerge form chaos specifically to create order.
Sometimes the gods are feared for their ability to unleash chaos, so people try to please the gods.

54
Q

Aegyptos-egypt-kemet

A

Means “temple of the soul”. KEMET= which means “black country.”

55
Q

Pharaoh

A

A son of a god and a god himself

56
Q

Osiris

A

The god of death

57
Q

Ma’at

A

The pharaoh, as a god, was in charge of maintaining cosmic order, aka Ma’at.
- truth, right behavior, corret balance.

Ma’at also depicted as a goddess.
- a role in creation (bringing order out of chaos)
- was also involved in the judgement of the dead

58
Q

Nut, Geb, and Shu

A

sky, earth, and air

59
Q

Re, Amon, Khepre, Amon-Re

A

The many different sun gods.

60
Q

Seth

A

The most popular gods by late Egyptian religion. Osiris killed by his brother Seth; found by his sister Isis, whom he impregnates; child Horus grows to avenge his father

61
Q

Aten

A

was thought to be the sun disk

62
Q

Amenhotep IV/ Akhenaten

A

Initiated the world’s first monotheism…. the worship of Aten

63
Q

A human consists of five parts

A

Body, name ( an expression of self), shadow ( the presence of a person distinct from the body), Ba (the presence of the self-perceivable by others. the primary mode of existence of the dead. In the mummy, but also in the realm of Osiris) and Ka ( the persona or life force. Remains with the body after death and needs nourishment)

64
Q

Pyramids

A

A pharaoh’s tomb and a symbol of his power

65
Q

Isis

A

God of fertility

66
Q

Horus

A

god of the sun

67
Q

Hellas

A

What the Greeks call their country

68
Q

Minoan culture

A

The first civilization in the southeastern area of Europe. (on the island of Crete)
they had a mother goddess

69
Q

Mycenean culture

A

followed after the Minoan culture.
- the mycenaeans were indo-europeans who worshiped a pantheon of gods with a father sky god at its head and performed sacrifices as their primary worship ritual.

70
Q

Alexander the Great

A

United the Greek-city states for the first time and spread Hellenistic culture and religion throughout the eastern Mediterranean world.

71
Q

Homer-greek1

A

Poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. homer tells us in the odyssey to avoid the gods and don’t do things to piss them off.

72
Q

Fate (moira)

A

rules over zeus in the greek religions.

73
Q

Hesiod-greek2

A

He wrote the theogony…. how all the gods are related to each other.

74
Q

The theogony

A

Origin of the world through a procession of creations and three generations of the gods.

75
Q

Generation 1

A

out of original chaos comes the earth (gaea) and gaea generates the moutnains, ocean, and sky (ouranos)

76
Q

Generation 2

A

Gaea and ouranos have children including Kronos (the titans)

77
Q

Generation 3

A

Kronos and his siblings birth the Homeric gods including Zeus (the Olympians)

78
Q

Titans

A

The titans- kronos and his generation of the gods lived in a part of the underworld called tartarus

79
Q

Olympians

A

Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus. They were called Olympians because, according to tradition, they resided on Mount Olympus

80
Q

Xenophanes-greek3

A

Early philosopher who says gods aren’t humanlike.

81
Q

Plato-greek4

A

Plato invents body dualism in that the body perishes but the soul remains. he says we are composed of two parts. He invents the soul. BODY and SOUL. he thinks that the things that gods do in the odyssey is crap. Plato said god is different than that… they are omniscent….immutable .. he said there is a single god.

82
Q

Body-soul dualism

A

There are two parts to the body.At the center of humans there is a soul, encased in the body, that should seek the highest good and develop virtue.

83
Q

Artistole

A

He says there is one god and he has no emotion.

84
Q

Monad

A

Definition: the Single one

85
Q

Mother goddess

A

Exists in Minoan Greece. She is ruler of Vegetation, mountain, ruler of the underworld, companion of beasts.
companion of beasts

86
Q

zeus-poseidon-hades

A

Zeus is the king of gods,sky and thunders, Poseidon is the God of oceans, storms earthquake. Hades is god of the underworld.

87
Q

heroes

A

A famous person in the Greek mythology. Like the gods.

88
Q

Emanation

A

• Emanation = projection, expression of power or wisdom from a higher being.

89
Q

Oracles

A

where you go to a place and talk to a priest and try to get information about the gods. it is a big deal in greece.

90
Q

apollo

A

The Temple of Apollo at Delphi functions as a Panhellenic sanctuary serving all Greek settlements

91
Q

asclepius

A

Oracles are also able to reach Asclepius.

92
Q

What are the consisting elements of a mystery religion?

A

A story (often re-enacted), ritual (often purification), and secret (knowledge of the universe, of the god or goddess)

93
Q

Eleusinian mysteries

A

hades kore demeter explains the foundation of seasons

94
Q

Dionysian mysteries

A

Women join to get pregnant. Maenads tearing and eating bull

95
Q

Orphic mysteries

A

Son of zeus eaten by titans. zagreus: the soul . titans: the body. Explains why we have bad and good in us.

96
Q

Cybele and Attis

A

Castration (removing of penis) for love. attis cut off his genitals to prove his love for cybele

97
Q

isis and searpis

A

.in order to join this cult, isis has to appear to them in a dream. This is where you go for healingHealing and afterworld. Serapis is a combination of Osiris (underworld god ) and apis (bull god)

98
Q

Mystery religion - Mithras

A

only mystery religion that is male dominant - this is where you go for the military

99
Q

Virgil’s Aeneid

A

Basically Homer’s odyssey and Iliad mixed together and seen in a mirror. So, when Rome conquered Greece, rather than replacing Greek culture and religion they took Greek culture and religion in, creating Greco-Roman culture and religion

100
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

Infant Romulus and Remus were ordered to die by King Amulius; left to die on the bank of a river; grew up and after a dispute, Romulus founded Rome

101
Q

Numen

A
  • a divine power which guides the course of life
    and resides in gods, humans, places, things
    • The more numen a god has, the more powerful he is
    • Sacrifice, magical acts, rituals, festivals increase a god’s numen-
102
Q

Janus

A

He is the god of doorways.
- he looks backwards and forwards.
- January is named after him

103
Q

Ethics and morality

A

Human behavior towards others. How you interact with other human beings

104
Q

Metaethics

A

Metaethics involves the natures of ethics itself such as the meaning of goodness or justice, the origins of morality, and the foundations of moral thinking. - what are the assumptions behind your ethics.

105
Q

consequentialism

A

Weather an action results in a good outcome or consequence determines whether the action in mor

106
Q

what do all religions start with ?

A

Mother of fertility

107
Q

what put an end to mesopotamia

A

Mesopotamian religion finally declined with the spread of Iranian religions

108
Q

Where did greece get its name ?

A

It got its name from the latin word Graecia

109
Q

Homeric ethics

A

Just do what makes the gods happy. If the gods like you, they like you.

110
Q

Platonic ethics

A

Develop yourself like the gods.

111
Q

theo

A

the definition means god

philosophy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions