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philosophy > ch 4- judaism > Flashcards

ch 4- judaism Flashcards

1
Q

The words Judaism, Jewish, Jew, derive from the name

A

Judah

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2
Q

Israel

A

name given to Jacob after he had a religious encounter

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3
Q

levant

A

The area along the
Mediterranean between
Egypt and Mesopotamia

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4
Q

covenants

A

(legal agreements,
contracts) between God and his people

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5
Q

adam

A

God makes an agreement with Adam, Adam breaks it

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6
Q

Noah

A

Only Noah’s faithful family saved from a flood
* Covenant made with Noah after the flood ensured
Yahweh would not wipe out human race again

  • Agreement “signed” with the rainbow
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7
Q

Abraham

A

After Noah’s descendants for get Him, God

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8
Q

El Shaddai

A

another word for God

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9
Q

The Patriarchs:

A

The “fathers” of
Judaism

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10
Q

isaac

A

Abraham’s son (and
near-sacrifice)

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11
Q

jacob

A

Abraham’s
grandson and father of
twelve sons who became
the fathers of the twelve
tribes of Israel

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12
Q

moses

A

chosen by God to bring the Hebrews out of Egypt

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13
Q

Another word for God in Judaism is ….

A

Yahweh

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14
Q

how does Yahweh talk to moses

A

through a burning bush and sends him back to lead the hebrews out of Egypt

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15
Q

The Exodus

A
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16
Q

Ark of the covenant

A

where Yahweh rested to comfort the jews

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17
Q

three covenants

A

With Noah- signed by God with the rainbow
With Abraham- signed by Abraham and his descendants with circumcision
With moses- signed by the Hebrews following the law (sacrifice, purity, regulation, kosher)

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18
Q

who leads the Hebrews across the river Jordan on the invasion and conquest of Canaan?

A

Joshua

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19
Q

David

A

Second king. Great military leader.

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20
Q

Solomon

A

Third king, one of david’s sons (he is not the oldest)
Solomon builds a temple where yahweh’s presences and the ark of the covenant are located, beginning the first temple period of Judaism

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21
Q

after Solomon, the land splits into ___ and ____

A

Israel and Judah

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22
Q

those sent into exile and lost forever are called ___

A

the 10 lost tribes of Israel

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23
Q

Those left behind by the Assyrians continue to worship Yahweh and eventually become the _____ of Jesus’ day

A

Samaritans

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24
Q

The exile

A
  • When the Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BCE,
    they allowed the Jews to return home from
    Babylon if they wanted to
  • Some Jews stayed in Babylon

the exile is basically the beginning of the diaspora

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25
Q

Diaspora

A

The scattering of the Jewish people
all over the world

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26
Q

Judaism was influenced by the Persian religion of

A

Zoroastrianism

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27
Q

founder of Zoroastrianism

A

zoraster

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28
Q

What do insiders call Zoroastrianism?

A

Mazdayasna(worship) or Behdin (best religion)

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29
Q

Because its members (from Zoroastrianism) now mostly live in India, its adherents are often called

A

Parsees … which actually refers to their ethnicity

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30
Q

Zoroastrianism believers believe that there are ___ God/s named _____

A

one true God named Ahura Mazda

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31
Q

Traditional Jewish divine figures begin to be
understood as the allies of God or Satan

A

in other words, angels or demons

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32
Q

Ahura Mazda is opposed by an evil lesser divine being named …

A

Ahriman

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33
Q

And some within judaism look towards a day when God will send a __ to destroy his enemies as an ____

A

messiah , endtime warrior

34
Q

final codification of the first part of jewish scripture is known as ___

A

The Deuteronomistic revision

35
Q

list the Deuteronomistic revision (the rewritten part of the story)

A
  1. God makes a covenant with his people
  2. Jews stray from God
  3. God sends prophets to warn the jews
  4. The jews refuse to listen to the prophets and repent
  5. God revokes the covenant and punishes the Jews
  6. The jews repent
36
Q

King Antiochus IV decided to speed up the process of
making the Jews into good Greeks by prohibiting
Jewish practices and by installing Zeus worship in the
Temple resulting in the ____

A

Maccabean revolt

37
Q

But according to the historian Josephus, there were four
sects in Judaism at this time with different perspectives on
what it meant to be Jewish

A

1) Pharisees – Willing to accommodate Greco-Roman
culture (to a point); accepted oral Torah and the resurrection of the dead, Heaven and Hell, etc,

  • 2) Sadducees – Connected to the Temple priests and roman rulers; rejected the oral Torah and resurrection
    of the dead, Heaven and Hell, etc.
  • 3) Essenes – Separated from conventional Judaism in
    the desert to await the intervention of God or His
    Messiah(s), living lives of ritual purity
  • 4) Zealots – Political revolutionaries
38
Q

first roman war

A

Destruction of the Temple in 70 CE
* End of the Second Temple Period

39
Q

second roman war

A

Jews dispersed throughout the
Mediterranean area by the Romans

40
Q

___ are places of worship

A

synagogues

41
Q

__ , who were teachers, become priests

A

rabbis

42
Q

Also, the canon of Jewish scripture was
determined and followers of Jesus, ____,
were excluded from Judaism

A

nazarenes

43
Q

The effort to find a home for the Jewish people is called

A

Zionism

44
Q

kosher and circumcision

A
45
Q

sacrifice, kosher, and circumcision

A
46
Q

second temple

A
47
Q

The 24 books of the Tanak are in the ..

A
  1. law (torah )
  2. Prophets ( Nevi’im)
  3. Writings (Ketuvim)
48
Q

the law is also …

A

the torah

49
Q

a prophet is also called __ in Judaism

A

Nevi’im

50
Q

The writings in Judaism is also called

A

Ketuvim

51
Q

Talmud

A

The “oral” Torah, or the instruction given to Moses at Mt. Sinai but
passed on orally for centuries before finally being written down

52
Q

orthodox

A

Strict followers of traditional Jewish Law
* Absolutely no working on the Sabbath
and absolute conformity to kosher
* Segregate men and women from each
other in worship

53
Q

reform

A
  • A modern and modernizing movement within
    Judaism
  • Emphasizes Jewish ethical tradition over the
    obligations of Jewish Law
  • Politically progressive and oriented towards
    social justice
  • Believes that Jewish scripture is man-made
    and can be read in the local language instead
    of Hebrew
54
Q

conservative

A
  • Seen as between Reform and Orthodox
  • Allowing for some modifications of
    traditional laws, but insist on keeping such
    traditional customs as kosher and prohibit
    marriage with non-Jews
55
Q

reconstructionist

A
  • A modern movement which abandons many of the traditional Jewish beliefs including the existence of a personal, creator god and the requirement that one follow traditional Jewish law
56
Q

Israelite religion was ___ centered on the worship of Yahweh

A

Henotheistically

57
Q

El

A
  • A supreme god common across the ancient Middle East
  • His name comes to mean “god” or “God”
58
Q

asherah

A
  • El’s consort
  • A mother/fertility goddess related to Ishtar
  • Later adopted as Yahweh’s consort
59
Q

Ba’al

A
  • God of rain, fertility
  • His name comes to mean “Lord”
  • The God to whom the ancient Israelites turned when they lost faith in Yahweh
60
Q

Moloch

A
  • An evil god who
    demands child
    sacrifice
61
Q

shemesh

A

literally, sun

62
Q

yam

A

literally, sea

63
Q

mot

A

literally, death

64
Q

Elohim

A

literally the gods (plural), but usually
translated as God (singular)

65
Q

YHWH Elohim

A

often translated as LORD God, but
might literally mean “YHWH of the gods”

66
Q

an era of perfect peace called ___

A

the world to come

67
Q

three types of the messiah

A
  1. a prophet like moses (a prophetic or religious messiah)
  2. a king like David (a political or military Messiah)
  3. an end times warrior (an eschatological or apocalyptic Messiah)
68
Q

What is the jew law?

A

following Kosher food regulations and also male circumcision

69
Q

some jew practices. Rosh Hashanah is …

A

new years

70
Q

another jew practice. Yom Kippur is…

A

day of atonement

71
Q

Hanukkah

A
  • lights
  • commemorate the redidcation of the temple after the maccabbean revolt
72
Q

purim

A

lots
- commemorates esteher’s salvation of the jews from Haman in persia

73
Q

first prayer said at services is the

A

shema

74
Q

what is bar mitzvah?

A

When a boy is 13
- Literally means son of the commandment so it really refers to the boy, not the ceremony

Bat mitzahs for girls

75
Q

Noachide covenant

A

*Worship God and follow his few commandments

76
Q

Abrahamic covenant

A

In exchange for the Promised Land, show the world how to properly worship the one God

77
Q

what is the mosaic covenant ?

A

*In exchange for the Promised land, show the world how to properly worship the one God by following his many commandments

78
Q

prophetic tradition

A

*Performing mandated worship practices to the one God means nothing without taking care of the poor, widows, orphans, and
strangers

79
Q

the rabbinic tradition

A

*All of the Law of Moses boils down to “Love your neighbor”

80
Q

Ethics of Judaism

A

Problem: alienation from God
solution: reconcile with God
method: By following his Law, whether
that means following 613 commandments
or loving God and your fellow people

philosophy (6 decks)

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