Chapter 1-Evidence-based healthcare: using research in practice Flashcards
what is the end to beginning approach of reading research?
research study conclusions often lead to further questions. you might wonder why the author reached those conclusions and so seeing what the concusion holds can lead you to investigate further by reading the report or stopping and not reading
what questions do you ask when attempting to read and understand research
o What is the answer to my practice question- what did the study conclude?
o Why did the author reach these conclusions- what did they actually find?
o To what types of patients do these research conclusions apply- who was in the study?
o How were those people studied- why was the study performed that way?
o Why ask that question- what do we already know?
what is one of the hallmarks of hospitals that have the highest retention of nurses and quality of pt care
inclusion of nursing research development and application in the clinical setting
what is research utilization
use of research in practice
______ played an essential role in understanding that illness and diseases had natural causes vs supernatural causes.
what techniques did he use that were the first methods of researh in medicine
hippocrates
o Used logical reasoning and observation, the first methods of research in medicine
who began research in nursing
o Hx of nursing begins w Florence nightingale and env’t factors that affected solders in the Crimean war
when did qualitative methods of research begin to be recognized and implemented more
o 1990s- qualitative approaches became recognized and respected, now nursing mixes both qualitative and quantitative.
what kinds of research has the healthcare profession began to include
o Expanded horizons to consider outcomes research (impact of health care on the health outcomes of patients and populations, including economic impacts), international research and traditional lab research
what is evidence based bridge theory
• This theory explains how HCP can use EBI in practice to bridge the gap between research and practice/active application of this research
what does research literacy
• Research literarcy means that you have an understanding of research terms and processes and are able to discern the validity of the research study findings or EBI.
what approaches to research do evidence-based models use
• They offer a philosophical and practical approach in applying valid research findings to clinical practice in any health care field.
examples of models of EBP
what is a model and what does it provide
Iowa model, Ottawa model and the Joanna Briggs Institiute model
models are frameworks that prvide str or guidelines for us
what are the 6 essential elelments of an EBP model
assess, ask, acquire, appraise, apply and evaluate
how is EBP better than opinion
• EBP is the process that help HCP make cinical decisions nad answer clinical questions while avoiding biases from asking one person, moving away from experience and intutin to decrease the chance of not acknowledging new knowledge, etc.
how is BP different than the traditional approach to answering a question
it also has four approaches to answering questions but unlike traditional in which you can look at textbook or consult expert you must use ALL the approaches ALL the time for every clinical question
what are the 4 approaches included in EBP that must be used each time you ask a clinical uestion
- reviewing the best available evidence (research)
- Using healthcare professionals expertise
- Determining values and cultural needs of ptient
- Determining the preferences of the individual, family and community
when to seek evidence
something occurs out of the ordinary in your clinical practice
outcomes of care differ in one or more pts without clear reasons
you need to dev policy, procedure, or stds of care
what makes up an effective clinical question
includes a concern that someone has studied, focuses on a concern that can be meas or described, and is a concern that is relevant to your healthcare professional scope of practice.
the question also addresses Who, Where, What, and When in terms of the clinical concern
what is another method than the who where what when method to develop a clinical question
PICO or PICo/PICOT
what does PICOT stand for
o PICOT:
P: population: who you are interested in study; the population
o I: Intervention: the treatment or intervention
o C: Comparison: the intervention you are comparing “I” to in the question
o O: Outcomes: the outcomes you are planning to measure
o T: Time of data collection
there are two kinds of evidence: research evidnce and non-research evidence
what would intuition be
what about clinical reports
both non-research
what 2 components define healthcare research
1- written report or a website to be considered research based, it must describe the systematic gathering of information to answer some questions
The information-gathering actions must have been guided by a plan and administered methodically or systematically.
• 2-info must have been gathered to answer a question that addresses a gap in knowledge about healthcare.
what is a primary source
• Primary source is a report of the research written by original author
what 3 sources can you use to look for research
o Printed Index: written lists of professional articles that are organized and categorized by topic and author and they cover articles written from 1956 to today. Ie) PRINTED CINAHL. Not available via internet. Only research done before 1982 that has list and categories. Should be last resort because tedious and a lot of older research
o The internet:
o Electronic Database: most commonly used source to find research reports, provide categorized lists ie) CINAHL.
