Chapter 1-Evidence-based healthcare: using research in practice

Question 1

what is the end to beginning approach of reading research?

Answer 1

research study conclusions often lead to further questions. you might wonder why the author reached those conclusions and so seeing what the concusion holds can lead you to investigate further by reading the report or stopping and not reading

Question 2

what questions do you ask when attempting to read and understand research

Answer 2

o What is the answer to my practice question- what did the study conclude?
o Why did the author reach these conclusions- what did they actually find?
o To what types of patients do these research conclusions apply- who was in the study?
o How were those people studied- why was the study performed that way?
o Why ask that question- what do we already know?

Question 3

what is one of the hallmarks of hospitals that have the highest retention of nurses and quality of pt care

Answer 3

inclusion of nursing research development and application in the clinical setting

Question 4

what is research utilization

Answer 4

use of research in practice

Question 5

______ played an essential role in understanding that illness and diseases had natural causes vs supernatural causes.
what techniques did he use that were the first methods of researh in medicine

Answer 5

hippocrates

o Used logical reasoning and observation, the first methods of research in medicine

Question 6

who began research in nursing

Answer 6

o Hx of nursing begins w Florence nightingale and env’t factors that affected solders in the Crimean war

Question 7

when did qualitative methods of research begin to be recognized and implemented more

Answer 7

o 1990s- qualitative approaches became recognized and respected, now nursing mixes both qualitative and quantitative.

Question 8

what kinds of research has the healthcare profession began to include

Answer 8

o Expanded horizons to consider outcomes research (impact of health care on the health outcomes of patients and populations, including economic impacts), international research and traditional lab research

Question 9

what is evidence based bridge theory

Answer 9

• This theory explains how HCP can use EBI in practice to bridge the gap between research and practice/active application of this research

Question 10

what does research literacy

Answer 10

• Research literarcy means that you have an understanding of research terms and processes and are able to discern the validity of the research study findings or EBI.

Question 11

what approaches to research do evidence-based models use

Answer 11

• They offer a philosophical and practical approach in applying valid research findings to clinical practice in any health care field.

Question 12

examples of models of EBP

what is a model and what does it provide

Answer 12

Iowa model, Ottawa model and the Joanna Briggs Institiute model
models are frameworks that prvide str or guidelines for us

Question 13

what are the 6 essential elelments of an EBP model

Answer 13

assess, ask, acquire, appraise, apply and evaluate

Question 14

how is EBP better than opinion

Answer 14

• EBP is the process that help HCP make cinical decisions nad answer clinical questions while avoiding biases from asking one person, moving away from experience and intutin to decrease the chance of not acknowledging new knowledge, etc.

Question 15

how is BP different than the traditional approach to answering a question

Answer 15

it also has four approaches to answering questions but unlike traditional in which you can look at textbook or consult expert you must use ALL the approaches ALL the time for every clinical question

Question 16

what are the 4 approaches included in EBP that must be used each time you ask a clinical uestion

Answer 16

1. reviewing the best available evidence (research)
2. Using healthcare professionals expertise
3. Determining values and cultural needs of ptient
4. Determining the preferences of the individual, family and community

Question 17

when to seek evidence

Answer 17

something occurs out of the ordinary in your clinical practice
outcomes of care differ in one or more pts without clear reasons
you need to dev policy, procedure, or stds of care

Question 18

what makes up an effective clinical question

Answer 18

includes a concern that someone has studied, focuses on a concern that can be meas or described, and is a concern that is relevant to your healthcare professional scope of practice.
the question also addresses Who, Where, What, and When in terms of the clinical concern

Question 19

what is another method than the who where what when method to develop a clinical question

Answer 19

PICO or PICo/PICOT

Question 20

what does PICOT stand for

Answer 20

o PICOT:
P: population: who you are interested in study; the population
o I: Intervention: the treatment or intervention
o C: Comparison: the intervention you are comparing “I” to in the question
o O: Outcomes: the outcomes you are planning to measure
o T: Time of data collection

Question 21

there are two kinds of evidence: research evidnce and non-research evidence

what would intuition be
what about clinical reports

Answer 21

both non-research

Question 22

what 2 components define healthcare research

Answer 22

1- written report or a website to be considered research based, it must describe the systematic gathering of information to answer some questions
The information-gathering actions must have been guided by a plan and administered methodically or systematically.

• 2-info must have been gathered to answer a question that addresses a gap in knowledge about healthcare.

Question 23

what is a primary source

Answer 23

• Primary source is a report of the research written by original author

Question 24

what 3 sources can you use to look for research

Answer 24

o Printed Index: written lists of professional articles that are organized and categorized by topic and author and they cover articles written from 1956 to today. Ie) PRINTED CINAHL. Not available via internet. Only research done before 1982 that has list and categories. Should be last resort because tedious and a lot of older research

o The internet:

o Electronic Database: most commonly used source to find research reports, provide categorized lists ie) CINAHL.

Question 25

what kind of study or source provides the highest level of evidence

t or f systematic review can be either a process or a product

Answer 25

systematic review

true

Question 26

what is an abstract

what info does it give clear ideas about

can you use it to provide a level of understanding to support clinical decision-making

Answer 26

• Abstract- summary or condensed version of a research report. Meaning is to “summarize” or “to take away”. 100-500 words.
o Usually provides a clear idea bout 1) whether the research addressed the clinical question of interest and 2) whether it studied patients or situations that are similar to your clinical case

no. you cant use it to understand the full study because its too short

Question 27

do you use the term empirical for qualitative or quantitiative

Answer 27

quantitative