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AQA History ELIZABETHAN > Chapter 1 ; Elizabeth's Court and Parliament > Flashcards

Chapter 1 ; Elizabeth's Court and Parliament Flashcards

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1
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she became Queen?

A

25

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2
Q

When was Elizabeth born?

A

1533

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3
Q

What happened to Elizabeth’s mother?

A

accused of treason / adultery
- executed 1536

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4
Q

How did Elizabeth feel towards her father?

A

loved and admired him

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5
Q

How did Henry VIII feel towards Elizabeth?

A

declared her illegitimate
killed her cousins
executed mother

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6
Q

Who was Roger Ascham?

A

Cambridge scholar
- educated her in languages

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7
Q

Who was Kat Ashley?

A

lifelong friend
Governess

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8
Q

Who was Edward VI?

A

younger half brother
- made LJG his heir not his sisters

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9
Q

Who was Mary I?

A

older half sister
- saw Elizabeth as product of bigamous marriage

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10
Q

What was Mary’s religious angle?

A

proudly Catholic
- burnt 300 protestants

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11
Q

Who was Catherine Parr?

A

Henry’s sixth wife
- influenced Protestantism

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12
Q

Who was Thomas Seymour?

A
  • Jane brother
  • Catherine P husband
  • flirting scandal - executed
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13
Q

What problems did Elizabeth face when she came to the throne?

A

gender
legitimacy
marriage
peace/prosperity
councillors
abroad
financial weakness

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14
Q

Why was gender a problem for Elizabeth?

A

patriarchal society
husband have power over - legal authority

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15
Q

Why was legitimacy a problem for Elizabeth?

A

Catholic Pope did not recognize parents’ marriage
- catholic plots/rebellions

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16
Q

Why was marriage a problem?

A

heir
unsuitable suitors

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17
Q

Why was peace and prosperity a problem?

A

following troubled time of religious conflict and poverty
- avoid rebellions

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18
Q

Why was choosing councillors a problem?

A

many had worked for Mary I
- 12 out of 19

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19
Q

Why was challenges from abroad a problem?

A

strong catholic countries
- weak, poor

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20
Q

Why was financial weakness a problem?

A

in debt from previous reigns

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21
Q

When Elizabeth came to the throne, how much debt was England in?

A

£260,000 debt

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22
Q

What was the Great Chain of Being?

A

hierarchical structure of all things

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23
Q

Who leads the privy council?

A

Secretary of State

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24
Q

What is the Privy Council responsible for?

A

day-to-day running of country

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25
Q

2 previous Secretary of State leaders

A

-William Cecil
-Francis Walsingham

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26
Q

What was Parliament made up of?

A

-House of Commons
-House of Lords

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27
Q

Who made up the House of Lords?

A

-nobles
-bishops

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28
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

exclusive right to trade in a specific product

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29
Q

Why did Elizabeth use monopolies?

A

to maintain loyalty of powerful men

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30
Q

What is patronage?

A

land, titles or power given to ensure an individuals support

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31
Q

What is the Divine Right of Kings?

A

monarch chosen by God

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32
Q

What is a progress?

A

Queen and court taking a journey to show public who she was and her court

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33
Q

When was William Cecil appointed as Secretary of State?

A

1558

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34
Q

Who was Francis Walsingham?

A

-MP
-Secretary of State
-uncovered plot that let to Mary QoS execution

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35
Q

Who was Robert Dudley?

A

-Earl of Leicester
-privy councillor
-romantic interest with Elizabeth

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36
Q

How did Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex become friends?

A

through Essex’s step father
- Earl of Leicester

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37
Q

What monopoly did the Earl of Essex have?

A

sweet wine

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38
Q

Who did the Earl of Essex have rivalry with?

A

Robert Cecil

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39
Q

Why did the Earl of Essex and Robert Cecil have rivalry?

A

jealousy

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40
Q

Why did the Queen and Essex fall out?

A
  • turned his back
  • drew his sword
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41
Q

When did Essex fall out with the Queen?

A

1598

42
Q

When did Essex join the Privy Council?

A

1595

43
Q

What did Essex become in January 1599?

A

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

44
Q

How did Essex fail in Ireland?

A
  • made truce
  • knighted army leaders
    (all forbidden by Queen)
45
Q

How did Essex’s failure in Ireland affect him?

A

sweet wine monopoly not renewed
- debts

46
Q

When did Essex begin to gather supporters for his rebellion?

A

february 1601

47
Q

How many privy councillors did Essex take hostage?

A

4 privy councillors

48
Q

How many followers marched with Essex to London house?

A

200 supporters

49
Q

Why did Essex’s rebels abandon him?

A

labelled as traitor by Robert Cecil

50
Q

How was Essex beheaded?

A

privately

51
Q

What reasons did Elizabeth have for staying single?

A

Mary’s marriage
childbirth risky
male legal authority

52
Q

How would marriage affect Elizabeth’s reign as Queen?

A

gain legal authority
- Englishman
- foreign prince

53
Q

How did not naming a successor benefit Elizabeth?

A

stop public rebelling
prevent assassination

54
Q

How did Parliament feel about the succession crisis?

A

in conflict
- wanted husband

55
Q

Who were the potential successors to Elizabeth?

A

Stuarts
Suffolk

56
Q

What had Henry VIII’s will stated?

A

should all 3 children die heirless
- descendants of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk

57
Q

What happened to the descendants of Duchess of Suffolk?

A

Lady Jane Grey executed in 1533 after attempting to seize throne

58
Q

Why was Mary Queen of Scots claim to the throne stronger than the descendants of the Duchess of Suffolk?

A

descended from Henry’s older sister

59
Q

Who were the other two descendants of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk?

A

Lady Catherine
Lady Mary
- Protestant

60
Q

Why was Mary Queen of Scots a controversial claimant to the throne?

A

brought up in France
devout Catholic

61
Q

Who succeeded Elizabeth?

A

James VI Scotland
- James I England

62
Q

Who was James I England?

A

son of Mary Queen of Scots

63
Q

Who was Philip II?

A

Catholic, King of Spain

64
Q

What were the benefits of marrying Philip II?

A

South American colonies
wealthy
powerful

65
Q

What were the disadvantages of marrying Philip II?

A

married Mary - disaster
Catholic

66
Q

What were the benefits to marrying Eric of Sweden?

A

Protestant
intelligent
cultured

67
Q

What were the disadvantages of marrying Eric of Sweden?

A

mental instability
murdered opposing family
engaged in conflict with nobility

68
Q

What were the benefits to marrying Duke of Alencon and Anjou?

A

influence over France
heirless brother - King

69
Q

What were the disadvantages of marrying Duke of Alencon and Anjou?

A

Catholic
fall under French rule
Elizabeth 46

70
Q

What were the benefits to marrying Charles of Austria?

A

Hapsburg family

71
Q

What were the disadvantages of marrying Charles of Austria?

A

Catholic

72
Q

What were the benefits to marrying Robert Dudley?

A

Protestant
royal court + government

73
Q

What were the disadvantages of marrying Robert Dudley?

A

suspicious death of wife - attempted murder?

74
Q

Who made up the Royal Court?

A

servants, advisers, friends

75
Q

What was the role of the Royal Court?

A

give advice
impression of power

76
Q

What was the role of the Secretary of State?

A

advised on safety and security

77
Q

When did William Cecil become Secretary of State?

A

1573

78
Q

Who was the most important member of the Privy Council?

A

Secretary of State

79
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A

advise and direct policy
monitor law and order

80
Q

What was the role of the Justices of Peace?

A

enforced law

81
Q

Who were Justices of Peace?

A

nobility + gentry
- unpaid - position of status

82
Q

How did patronage help the queen

A

remained at heart of political system

83
Q

What was wrong with patronage?

A

highly corrupt
competition

84
Q

What was patronage?

A

important jobs to particular men

85
Q

What were progresses?

A

major public relations exercises

86
Q

How did progresses help the Queen?

A

lived at expense of subjects
provided time to fumigate royal residences

87
Q

Who made up the Lord Lieutenant?

A

nobility
Privy Council

88
Q

What was the role of the Lords Lieutenants?

A

raising + training militia
overseeing defences
spread laws

89
Q

What was the role of Parliament?

A

pass laws
taxation
connect Queen to lower classes

90
Q

How many times did Queen call Parliament?

A

13 times to discuss tax

91
Q

Who made up the House of Lords?

A

bishops
nobles

92
Q

Who made up the House of Commons?

A

gentry

93
Q

How did MPs become overconfident?

A

argued royal prerogative
- religion, sucession, marriage

94
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to discussion of marriage in parliament?

A

banned in 1566

95
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to freedom of speech in parliament?

A

Peter Wentworth arrested 3 times

96
Q

How did parliament respond to Mary Queen of Scots?

A

execution
- threat to national security

97
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to criticism of monopolies in parliament?

A

speech agreeing to make change without promising much

98
Q

Who criticised monopolies and when?

A

Robert Bell criticised monopolies in 1571

99
Q

How did parliament respond to crime and poverty?

A

poor laws

100
Q

How did parliament respond to religion?

A

mainly protestant
- agreed to anti-Catholic laws

AQA History ELIZABETHAN (4 decks)

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