Chapter 1 - Describing Graphs with Data

Question 1

a characteristic that changes or varies over time and/or for different individuals or objects under consideration

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

Hair color, white blood cell count, time to failure of a computer component, Apple stock price (over time) These are examples of?

Answer 2

Variables

Question 3

the individual or object on which a variable is measured

Answer 3

Experimental Unit

Question 4

results when a variable is actually measured on an experimental unit

Answer 4

a Measurement

Question 5

A set of measurements called __, can be either a __ or a ___

Answer 5

data sample population

Question 6

Each of these are an example of:

1) Hair color
2) Person
3) Brown, black, blonde, etc.

Answer 6

1) Variable 2) Experimental unit 3) Typical Measurements

Question 7

Each of these are an example of: 1) Time until a light bulb burns out 2) light bulb 3) 1500 hours, 1535.5 hours, etc.

Answer 7

1) Variable 2) Experimental unit 3) Typical Measurements

Question 8

One variable is measured on a single experimental unit

Answer 8

Univariate Data

Question 9

Two variables are measured on a single experimental unit

Answer 9

Bivariate Data

Question 10

More than two variables are measured on a single experimental unit

Answer 10

Multivariate Data

Question 11

Types of Variables

Answer 11

1) Qualitative 2) Quantitative

Question 12

Types of Quantitative Variables

Answer 12

a) discrete b) continuous

Question 13

measure a quality or characteristic on each experimental unit.

Answer 13

Qualitative (categorical) Variables

Question 14

measure a numerical quantity on each experimental unit

Answer 14

Quantitative Variables

Question 15

if it can assume only a finite or countable number of values

Answer 15

Discrete Quantitative Variable

Question 16

if it can assume the infinitely many values corresponding to the points on a line interval

Answer 16

Continuous Quantitative Variable

Question 17

For each orange tree in a grove, the number of oranges is measured.

Answer 17

Quantitative discrete

Question 18

For a particular day, the number of cars entering a college campus is measured.

Answer 18

Quantitative discrete

Question 19

Time until a light bulb burns out

Answer 19

Quantitative continuous

Question 20

Graphing Qualitative Variables 1) Qualitative Variables use a ___ ___ to describe: a) b)

Answer 20

1) Data Distribution a) WHAT VALUES of the variable have been measured b) HOW OFTEN each value has occurred

Question 21

“How Often” can be measured in (3) ways

Answer 21

1) Frequency 2) Relative frequency = Frequency/n ( n=sample size) 3) Percent = 100 x Relative frequency

Question 22

Relative Frequency Equation

Answer 22

Frequency/n ( n=sample size)

Question 23

Percent Equation

Answer 23

100 x Relative Frequency

Question 24

A single quantitative variable measured for different population segments or for different categories of classification can be graphed using?

Answer 24

a PIE or BAR chart

Question 25

Dotplot how to make one?

Answer 25

Plots the measurements as points on a horizontal axis, stacking the points that duplicate existing points.

Question 26

Dotplot for what type of data?

Answer 26

Quantitative data

Question 27

Stem and Leaf Plots for what type of data?

Answer 27

Quantitative data

Question 28

Stem and Leaf Plot 1) Divide each measurement into two parts: the __ and the __. 2) List the stems in a __, with a __ __ to their __. 3) For each measurement, record the __ __ in the __ __ as its __ __. 4) Order the leaves from __ to __ in each __. 5) Provide a __ to your coding.

Answer 28

1) Stem and the Leaf 2) In a Column, Vertical Line to their Right 3) Leaf portion, same row, matching stem 4) lowest to highest in each stem 5) key

Question 29

1) A single quantitative variable measured over time is called a
2) It can be graphed using a __ or a ___ ___.

Answer 29

1) Time Series
2) Line or Bar Chart

Question 30

Dotplot for the data set: 4, 5, 5, 7, 6

Answer 30

Question 31

Stem and Leaf Plot for Data:

The prices ($) of 18 brands of walking shoes:
90 70 70 70 75 70 65 68 60
74 70 95 75 70 68 65 40 65

Answer 31

Question 32

Which Shapes are each of these graphs:

Answer 32

1) mound shaped & symmetric (mirror image)
2) Skewed right: a few unusually large measurements
3) Skewed left: a few unusually small measurements
4) Bimodal: two local peaks

Question 33

Strange or unusual measurements that stand out in the data set

Answer 33

Outliers

Question 34

Relative Frequency Histogram

1) for what type of data set?
2) what type of graph
3) height of the bar shows?
4) hows it measured?

Answer 34

1) quantitative data
2) bar graph
3) the height of the bar shows “how often” measurements fall in a particular class or subinterval.
4) measured as a proportion or relative frequency

Question 35

How to make a Relative Frequency Histogram

Answer 35

Question 36

Relative Frequency Histograms

1) Divide the range of the data into __ ____ of equal length.
2) Calculate the __ __ of the subinterval as Range/number of subintervals.
3) Round the approximate __ up to a convenient value.
4) Use the method of __ __, including the __ endpoint, but not the __ in your __.
5) Create a statistical table including the __, their __ and __ __ .

Answer 36

1) 5-12 subintervals
2) approximate width
3) width
4) left inclusion, left, right, tally
5) subintervals, frequencies, relative frequencies

Question 37

Relative Frequency Histogram

1) horizontal axis
2) vertical axis

Answer 37

1) subintervals
2) relative frequency

Question 38

Relative Frequency Histograms

height of the bar represents?

Answer 38

PROPORTION of measurements falling in that class or subinterval

PROBABILITY that a single measurement , drawn at random from the set, will belong to that class