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General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist > Chapter 1 DENT 1060 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 DENT 1060 Flashcards

1
Q 
After arriving at a differential diagnosis, information from which one of the following categories will best establish a final or definitive diagnosis?
A. Clinical
B. Historical
C. Microscopic
D. Radiographic
A

C. Microscopic

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2
Q 
The descriptive term that would best be used for a freckle is a:
A. Bulla 
B. Vesicle
C. Lobule
D. Macule
A

D. Macule

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3
Q 
Which one of the following terms describes the base of a lesion that is stalklike?
A. Sessile
B. Lobule
C. Pedunculated
D. Macule
A

C. Pedunculated

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4
Q 
Clinical diagnosis can be used to determine the final or definitive diagnosis of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Fordyce granules
B. Unerupted supernumerary teeth
C. Mandibular tori
D. Geographic tongue
A

B. Unerupted supernumerary teeth

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5
Q 
Radiographic diagnosis would contribute to the definitive diagnosis of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Internal resorptions
B. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
C. Odontomas
D. A retained deciduous tooth
A

D. A retained deciduous tooth

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6
Q 
To determine the presence of blood dyscrasias, which one of the following would provide the most definitive information?
A. Laboratory blood tests
B. Bleeding during probing
C. Pallor of the gingiva and mucosa
D. Patient complaint of weakness
A

A. Laboratory blood tests

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7
Q 
When an antifungal ointment or cream is used to treat suspected angular cheilitis, which one of the following diagnostic categories is being used?
A. Clinical
B. Therapeutic
C. Laboratory
D. Differential
A

B. Therapeutic

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8
Q 
Yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands commonly observed on the buccal mucosa and evaluated through clinical diagnosis are most likely:
A. Lipomas
B. Fibromas
C. Fordyce granules
D. Linea alba
A

C. Fordyce granules

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9
Q 
A slow-growing, bony hard exophytic growth on the midline of the hard palate is developmental and hereditary in origin. The diagnosis is determined through clinical evaluation. You suspect:
A. Torus palatinus
B. Mixed tumor
C. Palatal cyst
D. Nasopalatine cyst
A

A. Torus palatinus

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10
Q 
The "white line" observed clinically on the buccal mucosa that extends from anterior to posterior along the occlusal plane is:
A. Leukoedema
B. Leukoplakia
C. Linea alba
D. Lichen planus
A

C. Linea alba

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11
Q 
Which one of the following occurs as an erythematous area, is devoid of filiform papillae, is oval to rectangular in shape, and is on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue?
A. Median rhomboid glossitis
B. Geographic tongue
C. Fissured tongue
D. Lingual thyroid
A

A. Median rhomboid glossitis

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12
Q 
Which one of the following diagnostic categories would the dental hygienist most easily apply to the preliminary evaluation of oral lesions?
A. Microscopic
B. Clinical
C. Therapeutic
D. Differential
A

B. Clinical

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13
Q 
These examples of exostoses are found on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the area of the premolars. They are benign, bony hard, and require no treatment. Radiographically they appear as radiopaque areas and are often bilateral. You suspect:
A. Retrocuspid papilla
B. Lingual mandibular bone concavity
C. Genial tubercles
D. Mandibular tori
A

D. Mandibular tori

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14
Q 
Which one of the following terms is most often used when describing mandibular tori?
A. Bullous
B. Lobulated
C. Sessile
D. Pedunculated
A

B. Lobulated

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15
Q 
Which of the following conditions is a benign anomaly, has a diffuse gray-to-white opaque appearance on the buccal mucosa, and is most commonly seen in adult black individuals?
A. Leukoedema
B. Linea alba
C. Ectopic geographic tongue
D. Lichen planus
A

A. Leukoedema

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16
Q 
A patient has the clinical signs of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. The hygienist has the patient begin hydrogen peroxide rinses without culturing the bacterial flora. This action applies to which of the following diagnostic categories?
A. Therapeutic
B. Microscopic
C. Clinical
D. Final or definitive
A

A. Therapeutic

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17
Q 
A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated and protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is called a:
A. Bulla
B. Macule
C. Vesicle
D. Papule
A

D. Papule

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18
Q 
The base of a sessile lesion is:
A. Broad and flat
B. Stemlike
C. Corrugated
D. Lobulated
A

A. Broad and flat

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19
Q 
The identification of which one of the following is not determined by clinical diagnosis?
A. Fordyce granules
B. Tori
C. Compound odontoma
D. Retrocuspid papilla
A

C. Compound odontoma

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20
Q 
Another term for geographic tongue is:
A. Allergic tongue
B. Median rhomboid glossitis
C. Migratory glossitis
D. White hairy tongue
A

C. Migratory glossitis

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21
Q 
The cause of supernumerary teeth is most likely:
A. Genetic
B. Traumatic
C. Cystic
D. Systemic
A

A. Genetic

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22
Q 
Historical diagnosis can include the patient's:
A. Age and sex
B. Family history
C. Medical history
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

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23
Q 
Which condition is most often seen on the buccal mucosa?
A. Melanin pigmentation
B. Fordyce granules
C. Nicotine stomatitis
D. Angular cheilitis
A

B. Fordyce granules

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24
Q 
Which one of the following is NOT considered a variant of normal?
A. Migratory glossitis
B. White hairy tongue
C. Fissured tongue
D. Hairy leukoplakia
A

D. Hairy leukoplakia

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25
Q 
Which cyst is often described as a radiolucency that scallops around the roots of the teeth involved?
A. Stafne bone
B. Traumatic bone
C. Radicular
D. Residual
A

B. Traumatic bone

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26
Q 
What percentage of erythroplakias is diagnosed as severe epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 60%
D. 90%
A

D. 90%

27
Q 
Which of the following best describes the number of types of HPV? More than:
A. 35
B. 75
C. 100
D. 150
A

D. 150

28
Q 
Which one of the following terms best describes leukoplakia?
A. Clinical
B. Histologic
C. Historical
D. Microscopic
A

A. Clinical

29
Q

Bulla

A

a circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm (?cm) in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister

30
Q

Lobule

A

a segment or lobe that is a part of the whole; these lobes sometimes appear fused together

31
Q

Macule

A

an area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue; flat and does not protrude above surface; ie: a freckle

32
Q

Papule

A

a small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue

33
Q

Pedunculated

A

attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom

34
Q

Pustules

A

variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus

35
Q

Sessile

A

describing a base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike

36
Q

Vesicle

A

a small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm (?mm) in diameter that contains serous fluid

37
Q

Nodule

A

a palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue; above, level with, or beneath the skin surface

38
Q

Palpation

A

the evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area; descriptive terms for palpation are: soft, firm, semifirm, and fluid filled; terms also describe the consistency of a lesion

39
Q

Colors of lesion

A

red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown, and black; can be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions

40
Q

Erythema

A

an abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva

41
Q

Erythroplakia

A

a clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular red and velvety patch

42
Q

Size of lesions

A

measured in centimeters and millimeters

43
Q

Corrugated

A

wrinkled

44
Q

Fissure

A

a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth

45
Q

Papillary

A

resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters

46
Q

Smooth, rough, folded

A

terms used to describe surface texture of a lesion

47
Q

Coalescence

A

the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

48
Q

Diffuse

A

describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical

49
Q

Multilocular

A

describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or pars that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion; a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles; an odontogenic keratocyst often presents as a multilocular, radiolucent lesion

50
Q

Radiolucent

A

describes the black or dark areas on a radiograph; radiant energy can pass through these structures; less dense tissue such as the pulp is seen as a radiolucent structure

51
Q

Radiolucent and Radiopaque

A

terms used to describe a mixture of light and dark areas within a lesion, usually denoting a stage in the development of the lesion (stage 1, radiolucent; stage 2 radiopaque)

52
Q

Radiopaque

A

describes the light or white area on a radiograph that results from the inability of radiant energy to pass through the structure; the denser the structure, the lighter or whiter it appears on the radiograph

53
Q

Root resorption

A

observed radiographically when the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped; occurs as a response to stimuli, which can include a cyst, tumor, or trauma; external from outside of tooth, internal from inside

54
Q

Scalloping around the root

A

a radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament

55
Q

Unilocular

A

having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined, as in a simple radicular cyst

56
Q

Well circumscribed

A

term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent

57
Q

Clinical diagnosis

A

suggests that the strength of the diagnosis comes from the clinical appearance of the lesion

58
Q

Radiographic diagnosis

A

radiograph provides sufficient information to establish the diagnosis

59
Q

Historical diagnosis

A

Important contribution to the diagnostic process

60
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A

clinical laboratory tests, including blood chemistries and urinalysis, can provide information that contributes to a diagnosis

61
Q

Microscopic diagnosis

A

a form of laboratory diagnosis; microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen

62
Q

Surgical diagnosis

A

diagnosis made using information gained during the surgical procedure

63
Q

Therapeutic diagnosis

A

treat the lesion in order to diagnose it

64
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

the point in the diagnostic process when the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out the conditions originally suspected and to establish the definitive or final diagnosis; using combinations of the diagnostic processes

General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist (10 decks)

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