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Therapeutic Modalities > Chapter 1 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

acute

A

of recent onset. The period after an injury when the local inflammatory response is still active.

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2
Q

stress

A

a force that disrupts the normal homeostasis of a system

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3
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of protein

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4
Q

chronic

A

continuing for a long period; with injury, extending past the primary hemorrhage and inflammation cycle

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5
Q

cortisol

A

a cortisone-like substance produced in the body

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6
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium in the body and its systems that provides a stable internal environment

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7
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the middle layer of the heart walls

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8
Q

pathology

A

changes in structure and/or function caused by disease or trauma

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9
Q

sprain

A

a stretching or tearing of ligaments

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10
Q

strain

A

a stretching or tearing of tendons or muscles

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11
Q

systemic

A

affecting the body as a whole

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12
Q

vasoconstriction

A

reduction in a blood vessel’s diameter. this results in a decrease in blood flow

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13
Q

collagen

A

a protein-based connective tissiue

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14
Q

osteoblast

A

a cell concerned with the formation of new bone

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15
Q

osteoclast

A

a cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone

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16
Q

conduction

A

the transfer of heat from a high temperature to a low temperature between two objects that are touching each other

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17
Q

diathermy

A

a classification of therapeutic modality that uses high-frequency electrical energy to heat subcustaneous tissues

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18
Q

motor nerve

A

a nerve that provides impulses to mucles

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19
Q

motor unit

A

a group of skeletal muscle fibers that are innervated by a single motor nerve

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20
Q

transdermal (transdermally)

A

introduction of medication to the subcutaneous tissues through unbroken skin

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21
Q

afferent

A

carrying impulses toward a central structure, for example, the brain

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22
Q

efferent

A

carrying umpulses away from a central structure. Nerves leaving the central nervous system are efferent nerves

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23
Q

metabolism

A

the suym of physical and chemical reactiosn taking place within the body

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24
Q

aerobic

A

requiring the presence of oxygen

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25
Q

anaerobic

A

able to survive int he absence of oxygen. Anaerobic system derive their energy through the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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26
Q

propagation

A

transmission through a medium

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27
Q

um

A

micrometer, 1/1,000,000 of a meter

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28
Q

millivotl (mV)

A

one millivolt equals 1/1,000 of a volt

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29
Q

muscle spindle

A

an organ located within the muscular tissue that detects the rate and magnitude of a muscle contraction

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30
Q

noxious

A

harmful, injurious, or painful. Capable of producing pain

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31
Q

basement membrane

A

extracellular material that deparates the base of epithelial cells form connective tissue

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32
Q

extracellular

A

outside the cell membrane

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33
Q

ground substance

A

material occupying the intercellular spaces in fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, or bone (also known as matrix)

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34
Q

edema

A

an excessive accumulation of serous fluids

35
Q

granulation tissue

A

delicate tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries formed during the recascularization phase of wound healing

36
Q

hemorrhage

A

bleeding from veins, arteries, or capillaries

37
Q

histamine

A

a blood-thinning chemical released from damaged tissue during inflammatory process. Its primary function is vasodilation of arterioles and increased vascular permeability in venules

38
Q

ischemia

A

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction oif circulation to a part.

39
Q

mediators

A

chemical that act through indirect means

40
Q

phagocyte

A

a classification of scavenger cells that ingest and destroy unwanted substances in the body

41
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that serve as scavengers

42
Q

muscle guarding

A

a voluntary or subconscious contraction of a muscle to protect an injured area

43
Q

fibrinogen

A

a protein present in the blood plasma and essential for the clotting of blood

44
Q

gamma globulin

A

an infection-fighting blood protein

45
Q

venule

A

a small vein exiting from a capillary

46
Q

arteriole

A

a small artery leading to a capillary at its distal end

47
Q

chemotasix

A

movment of living protoplasm toward or away from a chemical stimulus

48
Q

coagulation

A

the process of blood clotting

49
Q

endothelial cells

A

flat cells lining the blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart

50
Q

interstitial

A

between the tissues

51
Q

vasodilation

A

increased in a blood vessle’s diameter. This rsults in a increase in blood flow

52
Q

ecchymosis

A

a blue-blace discoloration of the skin caused by movement of blood into the tissues. In the latter stages, the color may appear greenish brown or yellow

53
Q

exudate

A

fluid that collects in a cavity and has a high concentration of cells, protein, and other solid matter

54
Q

hematoma

A

a mass of blood confined to a limited area, resulting from the subcutaneous leakage of blood

55
Q

macrophage

A

a blood cell having the ability to devour particles; a phagocyte

56
Q

monocyte

A

a white blood cell that matures to become a macrophage

57
Q

range of motion

A

the distance, measured in degrees, that a limb moves in one place (eg, flexion-extension, adduction-abduction)

58
Q

subcutaneous

A

beneath the skin

59
Q

fibrin

A

a filamentous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen

60
Q

platelet

A

a free-flowing cell fragment in the bloodstream

61
Q

prothrombin

A

a chemical found in the blood that reacts with an enzyme to produce thrombin

62
Q

thrombin

A

an enzyme formed in the blood of a damaged area

63
Q

growth factors

A

substances that stimulate the production of specific types of cells

64
Q

myofibroblasts

A

fibroblasts that have contractile properties

65
Q

polymorph

A

a type of white blood cell; a granulocyte

66
Q

actin

A

a contractile muscle protein

67
Q

satellite cell

A

spindle-shaped cell that assists in the repair of skeletal muscle

68
Q

tensile strength

A

the ability of a structure to withstand a pulling force along its length; resistance to tear

69
Q

lymphatic return

A

a return process similar to that of the venous network but specializing in the removal of interstitial fluid

70
Q

fibrosis

A

an abnoramally large formation of inelastic fibrous tissue

71
Q

thoracic duct

A

a central collection point for the lymphatic system. The contents of the thoracic duct are routed inot the left subclavian vein, where they return to the blood system

72
Q

viscosity

A

the resistance of a fluid to flow

73
Q

hydrophic

A

relating to edema; an excessive amount of fluid

74
Q

necrossis

A

cell death

75
Q

glycolytic pathway

A

a complex chemical reaction that yields adenosine triphosphatase from glucose

76
Q

myosin

A

noncontractgile muscle protein

77
Q

interneuron

A

a neuron connecting two nerves

78
Q

dyskinesia

A

a defect in the ability to perform voluntary joint movement

79
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic inflammation of a muscle or connective tissue

80
Q

hypersensitive

A

abnormally increased sensitivity, a condition in which there is an exaggerated response by the body to a stimulus

81
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscular tissue

82
Q

granuloma

A

a hard mass of fibrous tissue

83
Q

iontophoresis

A

introduction of ions inot the body through the use of an electrical current

Therapeutic Modalities (20 decks)

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