Chapter 1 - Data, Information, Knowledge and Processing Flashcards
What is information?
Information is data put into context to give it a meaning.
What is data?
Data is the raw facts and figures before they have been processed.
What is knowledge?
Knowledge is the understanding of rules used to interpret information.
Named the five representation methods
Text, graphics, sound, moving pictures and LED
What’s the advantages of having text as a representation method?
You can have lots of detail and it’s clear to understand
What’s the disadvantages of having text as a representation method?
You have to be in the line of sight, you need to be able to read and you need to understand the language
What’s one Advantage of having graphics as a representation method?
It’s universal
What’s the disadvantages of having graphics as a representation method?
You need to be in the line of sight and you need to know what the symbol means
What’s the advantages of having sound as a representation method?
It’s good for the visually impaired and you don’t need a line of sight
What’s the disadvantages of having sound as a representation method?
It’s not good for the audibly impaired
People may not know the sound
It will be distorted in large areas
What’s the advantages of having moving pictures as a representation method?
It’s universal and lots of information can be given at once
What is the disadvantages of having moving pictures as a representation method?
The visually impaired won’t be able to see it and it’s linear so you need see the beginning to understand
What are the advantages of having LED as a representation method?
Data can be kept secure and it’s universal
What are the disadvantages of having LED as a representation method?
You need to be in the line of sight and the combination of lights needs to be known to understand
What does LED stand for?
Light emitting diode
Name five data types
Boolean, real, integer, string, date/time
What datatype would currency be?
Real
What datatype what house number be?
String
What datatype would a telephone number be?
String
What datatype would gender be?
Boolean
What datatype would a birthday be?
Date/Time
What is static data?
Data that remains the same after a refresh
What is dynamic data?
Data that can change after a refresh
Give an example of static data
CD-ROM/magazines
Give a example of dynamic data
A web page on the Internet
There is a limited amount of information available. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet?
CD-ROM/magazines
It does not require Internet access. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet
CD-ROM/the Internet
Can access it through a mobile phone. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet?
The Internet
What is direct data?
Data collected by yourself straight from the source
What is indirect data?
Data that is collected by somebody else or collected for a different purpose
Give two advantages of collecting direct data
The source is known/verified and the data can be collected in response to answers
Give a disadvantage of direct data
The data may not be available at that location or time
Give advantages of indirect data
A large range of data available and it is ready from different locations and time periods
Name two disadvantages of indirect data
It may be bias and you don’t know that the data recorded was accurate
What are the six factors for quality of information?
Completeness, Age, relevance, presentation, accuracy, level of detail
What URL stand for?
Uniform resource locators
What is encoding?
Transforming data from one format into another
What is the pseudonym for the advantages of an coding data?
DLOSS Data validation Less memory Organised Security Speed of input
Name 2 disadvantages of encoding data?
Run out of codes
Data not as precise
What does validation ensure?
That the date is responsible, sensible and within the boundaries of defined rules
Name seven of validation checks
Range check, type check, presence check, length check, look up validation, picture check and check digit
What is check digit?
A complex calculation which is then compared to the last digit
Validation cannot ensure the accuracy of data entered. True or false?
True
What is computer verification aka?
Double entry
What is manual verification aka?
Proofreading
What are the two main verification errors?
Transcription and transposition
What is a backup?
A copy
What is archiving data?
Moving data to an external source for long term future use
What are the four costs of producing information?
Hardware, software, consumables, personnel
What is the iPos system?
Input, processing, output, storage
In IPOS system, what kind of document does feedback make it
Turnaround document
