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AS ICT > Chapter 1 - Data, Information, Knowledge and Processing > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Data, Information, Knowledge and Processing Flashcards

0
Q

What is information?

A

Information is data put into context to give it a meaning.

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1
Q

What is data?

A

Data is the raw facts and figures before they have been processed.

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2
Q

What is knowledge?

A

Knowledge is the understanding of rules used to interpret information.

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3
Q

Named the five representation methods

A

Text, graphics, sound, moving pictures and LED

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4
Q

What’s the advantages of having text as a representation method?

A

You can have lots of detail and it’s clear to understand

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5
Q

What’s the disadvantages of having text as a representation method?

A

You have to be in the line of sight, you need to be able to read and you need to understand the language

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6
Q

What’s one Advantage of having graphics as a representation method?

A

It’s universal

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7
Q

What’s the disadvantages of having graphics as a representation method?

A

You need to be in the line of sight and you need to know what the symbol means

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8
Q

What’s the advantages of having sound as a representation method?

A

It’s good for the visually impaired and you don’t need a line of sight

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9
Q

What’s the disadvantages of having sound as a representation method?

A

It’s not good for the audibly impaired
People may not know the sound
It will be distorted in large areas

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10
Q

What’s the advantages of having moving pictures as a representation method?

A

It’s universal and lots of information can be given at once

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11
Q

What is the disadvantages of having moving pictures as a representation method?

A

The visually impaired won’t be able to see it and it’s linear so you need see the beginning to understand

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12
Q

What are the advantages of having LED as a representation method?

A

Data can be kept secure and it’s universal

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of having LED as a representation method?

A

You need to be in the line of sight and the combination of lights needs to be known to understand

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14
Q

What does LED stand for?

A

Light emitting diode

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15
Q

Name five data types

A

Boolean, real, integer, string, date/time

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16
Q

What datatype would currency be?

A

Real

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17
Q

What datatype what house number be?

A

String

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18
Q

What datatype would a telephone number be?

A

String

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19
Q

What datatype would gender be?

A

Boolean

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20
Q

What datatype would a birthday be?

A

Date/Time

21
Q

What is static data?

A

Data that remains the same after a refresh

22
Q

What is dynamic data?

A

Data that can change after a refresh

23
Q

Give an example of static data

A

CD-ROM/magazines

24
Q

Give a example of dynamic data

A

A web page on the Internet

25
Q

There is a limited amount of information available. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet?

A

CD-ROM/magazines

26
Q

It does not require Internet access. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet

A

CD-ROM/the Internet

27
Q

Can access it through a mobile phone. Is this CD-ROM/magazines or the Internet?

A

The Internet

28
Q

What is direct data?

A

Data collected by yourself straight from the source

29
Q

What is indirect data?

A

Data that is collected by somebody else or collected for a different purpose

30
Q

Give two advantages of collecting direct data

A

The source is known/verified and the data can be collected in response to answers

31
Q

Give a disadvantage of direct data

A

The data may not be available at that location or time

32
Q

Give advantages of indirect data

A

A large range of data available and it is ready from different locations and time periods

33
Q

Name two disadvantages of indirect data

A

It may be bias and you don’t know that the data recorded was accurate

34
Q

What are the six factors for quality of information?

A

Completeness, Age, relevance, presentation, accuracy, level of detail

35
Q

What URL stand for?

A

Uniform resource locators

36
Q

What is encoding?

A

Transforming data from one format into another

37
Q

What is the pseudonym for the advantages of an coding data?

A 
DLOSS 
Data validation
Less memory
Organised
Security
Speed of input
38
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of encoding data?

A

Run out of codes

Data not as precise

39
Q

What does validation ensure?

A

That the date is responsible, sensible and within the boundaries of defined rules

40
Q

Name seven of validation checks

A

Range check, type check, presence check, length check, look up validation, picture check and check digit

41
Q

What is check digit?

A

A complex calculation which is then compared to the last digit

42
Q

Validation cannot ensure the accuracy of data entered. True or false?

A

True

43
Q

What is computer verification aka?

A

Double entry

44
Q

What is manual verification aka?

A

Proofreading

45
Q

What are the two main verification errors?

A

Transcription and transposition

46
Q

What is a backup?

A

A copy

47
Q

What is archiving data?

A

Moving data to an external source for long term future use

48
Q

What are the four costs of producing information?

A

Hardware, software, consumables, personnel

49
Q

What is the iPos system?

A

Input, processing, output, storage

50
Q

In IPOS system, what kind of document does feedback make it

A

Turnaround document

AS ICT (7 decks)

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