Chapter 1: Cells Test Flashcards
He concluded that all plants have cells.
Schneider
He concluded that animals were made of cells, therefore all living things are made of cells.
Schwann
He concluded that all cells come from cells.
Virchow
What two properties make that make a microscope important?
Magnification and resolution
This is the ability to make things look larger than they really are is called ?
Magnification
What is the ability to clearly distinguish individual parts of an image is called?
Resolution
What instrument makes small objects look bigger?
Microscope
Who was the person that built a microscope and looked at a piece of cork, came up with the term cell.?
Hooke
He built a microscope and observed one-called organisms he called animalcules.
Leeuwenhoek
Name the 3 parts of the cell theory.
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
- All cells are produced from other cells.
This type of microscope uses lenses to bend the light which then magnifies the object.
Light microscope
This type of microscope use more than one lens to magnify an object.
Compound light microscope
This type of microscope use beams of electrons to magnify an image.
Electron microscope
This type of lens bend light as it passes through it.
Convex lens
This is the part of the cell that gives a specific function.
Organelle
The control center of the cell, directs all activities
Nucleus
What is the membrane around the nucleus that protects the nuclear material and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
Nuclear envelop
The strands that contains genetic material which are the instructions for cells functions
Chromatin
Where are ribosomes made?
Nucleus
Region between cell membrane and nucleus, clear thick jelly-like fluid
Cytoplasm
Powerhouse of the cell, converts energy in food to form energy that the cell can use
Mitochondria
This transports substances from one part of the cell to another
Endoplasmic reticulum
This is an organelle of the plant cell that supports and protects
Cell wall
All cells have these which controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cell membrane
Protein factories
Ribosomes
Mailroom of the cell, receives materials and distributes those substances
Golgi bodies
Captures the energy from sunlight and uses it for food
Chloroplasts
Cells are small because
- So the cell can function properly
- This increases the time to get materials to or away from the organelles.
- As the cell increases more of the cytoplasm is farther from the cell membrane.
Storage areas of cell
Vacuole
The basic unit of structure and function in living things: forms the parts of organisms processes and functions
Cells
The part of the microscope that brings the objects closer or farther from the stage.
Coarse adjustment knob
The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light.
Diaphragm
The three scientists who worked with cell theory are
Schneider, Schwann, Virchow
Bacteria have three things
Cell walls, membranes, and ribosomes
Bacteria does not have a
Nucleus
Cells are organized into
Tissues, tissues into organs, and organs into organ systems
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Element
The smallest unit of an element is called?
Atom
Examples of a elements are ?
Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
Two or more elements chemically combined
Compounds
The smallest unit of a compunction is
Water, carbon dioxide, sugar
Contains the element carbon
Organic compounds
Do not contain the element carbon
Inorganic compound
Examples of organic compounds are
Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids, and proteins
Examples or inorganic compounds are
Water, sodium chlorine
Energy rich organic compounds made of elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates
Examples of carbohydrates
Sugar and starch
What does the body break down when you eat carbohydrates?
Glucose
Large organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins
Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called
Amino acids
How many amino acids are there
20
What are energy rich organic compounds made up of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
Lipids
What are examples of lipids
Waxes, fats, oils
Lipid contain more of this than carbohydrates
Energy
Very long organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids contain the instructions to carry out functions of
Life
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
DNA
Plays a role in the production of proteins
RNA
Most chemical reactions cannot take place without
Water
Water helps cells keep their
Size and shape
Cell membranes are this which allows some substances to pass through while denying others
Selective permeable
The process by which small substances move from areas of high concentration to low areas of concentration.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the type of transport where energy is not required
Passive transport
The movement of water across a membrane
Osmosis
Requires the use of energy to move substances across the cell membrane
Active transport
Stove transport moves from low concentration to areas of
High concentration
