4-2 Flashcards
What chromosome is Down’s syndrome ?
Chromosome 21
What chromosome is for sickle cell?
Chromosome 11
Which chromosome is hemophilia? (Sex linked)
Chromosome 23
What is an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
What is it when the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?
Cystic fibrosis
What disease is it where a persons blood clots slowly or not at all?
Hemophilia
What disease affects the hemoglobin, the protein in a red blood cell?
Sickle cell anemia
This disorder is caused by a recessive allele on X chromosome
Hemophilia
This disorder is caused when an Extra copy of chromosome 21
Down’s syndrome
This disorder is caused when recessive alleles have a removal of 3 DNA bases
Cystic fibrosis
This disorder is caused by a codominant allele
Sickle cell anemia
Wheat is also know. As 3 chromosome?
Trisomy 21
What defects are common in Down’s syndrome
Heart defects
Down’s syndrome most often occurs when chromosome fail to separate during
Meiosis
What is a family tree that tracks members of a family that have a particular trait?
Pedigree
Genetic counsellors use what tools to help them in their work?
Karyotypes, pedigree charts, Punnett squares
Doctors use tools such as —- to help diagnosis genetic disorders
Karyotype
What is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell?
Karyotype
What type of person makes both types of normal hemoglobin and abnormal hemoglobin will not have symptoms of sickle cell?
Heterozygous person
Where does hemophilia happen more in
Males
In the pedigree chart if it is all colored in it means the person
Has the trait
In the pedigree chart if the shape is only half colored it in it means the person is a
Carrier
In the pedigree chart shape is not colored in at all it means the person
Is neither a carrier or has the trait
What does genetic counseling do?
Genetic counselor help couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular disorder
What are the two major cause of a genetic disorder?
- Mutations in DNA
2. Changes in the number of chromosome
What chromosome is for cystic fibrosis?
Chromosome 7
What is the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation.
Selective breeding
What is the crossing of two individuals that have similar characteristics
Inbreeding
What is the cross of two genetically different individuals
Hybridization
Organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it is produced
Clone
Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another
Genetic engineering
Inserting a copy of a gene directly into a person’s cells to replace the copy of the gene causing a disease
Gene therapy
All the DNA in a cell
Genome
Which of these traits is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles?
Blood type
What is three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
Multiple alleles
Why does height in humans have such a wide variety of phenotypes?
Height is controlled by at least 4 genes
What factors can affect a person’s height?
Both genes and environmental factors
Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being
XY
Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than in females?
A recessive allele on the Y chromosome will always produce the trait in a male.
One parent of a child has homozygous type A blood and the other has homozygous type B blood. What is the child’s blood type
AB
Sex linked genes are genes on
The X and Y chromosomes
A carrier is a person who has
One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait
What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?
Each parent must have a recessive allele for color blindness
Which protein on the surface of a red blood cell would be positive?
Rh factor
Which type of blood can a person with O- receive?
O-
Which blood type is considered the universal receiver?
Ab+
Which type of blood is considered the universal donor?
O-
What is the goal of the human genome project?
To identify the DNA sequence of every human genome
What are the 3 ways of producing organisms with desired traits?
Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering
