Chapter 1: Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme that converts ATP to ADP and Pi

This integration provides energy for _

A

Myosin ATPase

Muscle contraction

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2
Q

Contain higher amount. Of CK than other fibers

A

Type IIx anaerobic fibers

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3
Q

_ events are more important during the later stages of protein synthesis

A

Pre-translational events (mRNA) abundance

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4
Q

Four myogenic regulatory factors

A

Myo-D
Myogenin
MRF-4
Myf-5

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5
Q

Two MRFs involved in satellite cell proliferation

A

Myo-D

Myogenin

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6
Q

Two MRFs involved in satellite cell differentiation

A

Myogenin

MRF-4

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7
Q

MRF accumulation in type I fibers

A

Myogenin

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8
Q

MRF accumulation in type II fibers

A

MYO-D

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9
Q

Addition of phosphate to ADP to form ATP

A

Phosphorylation

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10
Q

Process in which glucose is trapped in cell to undergo glycolysis

Forms _

A

Glucose undergoes phosphorylation

G6p

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11
Q

Lactic acidosis system - ATP generation maintained

30 seconds into maximal exercise _ is used

A

2-4 min

Muscle glycogen

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12
Q

Immediate energy system

3 exercises

A

Golf swing
Heavy resistance training
100 m sprint

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13
Q

Enzyme that regulates glycolysis

A

PFK

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14
Q

During first 5 seconds of exercise _ is relied on exclusively

A

ATP-PCr

ATP and phosphocreatine

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15
Q

Enzyme that upregulates glycogenolysis

A

Phosphorlase

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16
Q

ADP + ADP = ATP + AMP

Catalyst?

17
Q

ADP + CP = ATP + C

Catalyst?

A

Creatine kinase

18
Q

ATP structure ; 3

A

Nitrogenous purine base
Penthouse sugar
Three phosphates

19
Q

ATP stored in muscle

A

8 mmol/kg/wet weight

20
Q

% of energy provision

Immediate
Lactic
Oxidative

A

20%

50%

30%

21
Q

Metabolism of glucose

A

Glycolysis

22
Q

Glucose uptake can be minimized by _ inhibiting _

A

G6P

Hexokinase

23
Q

One molecule of glucose breaks down into

A

2 molecules of Pyruvate

24
Q

Substrates for oxidative system:3

A

Glucose , glycogen, fatty acids

25
Thick contractile unit in muscle Thin contractile unit in muscle
Myosin Actin
26
Satellite cell activation and muscle fiber splitting =
Hypertrophy
27
Speed of muscle contraction depends on
Abundance of ATPase
28
Catalyze the decomposition of ATP to ADP = ?
ATPase Release of energy
29
Oxidative system Carbs come from? 2 Fatty acids come from?2
Carbs - blood glucose and muscle glycogenolysis Fatty acids- muscle fibers or blood
30
Lactic acid system Substrates 2
Glucose | Glycogen
31
Transformation of glucose to lactate when oxygen is limited
Anaerobic glycolysis
32
_ bind with actin = muscle contraction
MHC myosin heavy chains
33
Exposes myosin binding sites on actin for myosin head to bond
Tropomyosin
34
Body makes fatty acid from carbs
De novo lipogenesis
35
ATP + H20 = ADP + Pi Catalyst?
ATPase
36
Main fatty acid catabolized at rest and during activity
Palmitate
37
_ is a myokine that inhibits myogenesis :muscle cell growth and differentiation _ and_ in combination decrease this
Myostatin Resistance training and Cr supplementation