Chapter 1: Bioenergetics Flashcards
Enzyme that converts ATP to ADP and Pi
This integration provides energy for _
Myosin ATPase
Muscle contraction
Contain higher amount. Of CK than other fibers
Type IIx anaerobic fibers
_ events are more important during the later stages of protein synthesis
Pre-translational events (mRNA) abundance
Four myogenic regulatory factors
Myo-D
Myogenin
MRF-4
Myf-5
Two MRFs involved in satellite cell proliferation
Myo-D
Myogenin
Two MRFs involved in satellite cell differentiation
Myogenin
MRF-4
MRF accumulation in type I fibers
Myogenin
MRF accumulation in type II fibers
MYO-D
Addition of phosphate to ADP to form ATP
Phosphorylation
Process in which glucose is trapped in cell to undergo glycolysis
Forms _
Glucose undergoes phosphorylation
G6p
Lactic acidosis system - ATP generation maintained
30 seconds into maximal exercise _ is used
2-4 min
Muscle glycogen
Immediate energy system
3 exercises
Golf swing
Heavy resistance training
100 m sprint
Enzyme that regulates glycolysis
PFK
During first 5 seconds of exercise _ is relied on exclusively
ATP-PCr
ATP and phosphocreatine
Enzyme that upregulates glycogenolysis
Phosphorlase
ADP + ADP = ATP + AMP
Catalyst?
Myokinase
ADP + CP = ATP + C
Catalyst?
Creatine kinase
ATP structure ; 3
Nitrogenous purine base
Penthouse sugar
Three phosphates
ATP stored in muscle
8 mmol/kg/wet weight
% of energy provision
Immediate
Lactic
Oxidative
20%
50%
30%
Metabolism of glucose
Glycolysis
Glucose uptake can be minimized by _ inhibiting _
G6P
Hexokinase
One molecule of glucose breaks down into
2 molecules of Pyruvate
Substrates for oxidative system:3
Glucose , glycogen, fatty acids
Thick contractile unit in muscle
Thin contractile unit in muscle
Myosin
Actin
Satellite cell activation and muscle fiber splitting =
Hypertrophy
Speed of muscle contraction depends on
Abundance of ATPase
Catalyze the decomposition of ATP to ADP
= ?
ATPase
Release of energy
Oxidative system
Carbs come from? 2
Fatty acids come from?2
Carbs - blood glucose and muscle glycogenolysis
Fatty acids- muscle fibers or blood
Lactic acid system
Substrates 2
Glucose
Glycogen
Transformation of glucose to lactate when oxygen is limited
Anaerobic glycolysis
_ bind with actin = muscle contraction
MHC myosin heavy chains
Exposes myosin binding sites on actin for myosin head to bond
Tropomyosin
Body makes fatty acid from carbs
De novo lipogenesis
ATP + H20 = ADP + Pi
Catalyst?
ATPase
Main fatty acid catabolized at rest and during activity
Palmitate
_ is a myokine that inhibits myogenesis :muscle cell growth and differentiation
_ and_ in combination decrease this
Myostatin
Resistance training and Cr supplementation
