Chapter 1: Bioenergetics

Question 1

Enzyme that converts ATP to ADP and Pi

This integration provides energy for _

Answer 1

Myosin ATPase

Muscle contraction

Question 2

Contain higher amount. Of CK than other fibers

Answer 2

Type IIx anaerobic fibers

Question 3

_ events are more important during the later stages of protein synthesis

Answer 3

Pre-translational events (mRNA) abundance

Question 4

Four myogenic regulatory factors

Answer 4

Myo-D
Myogenin
MRF-4
Myf-5

Question 5

Two MRFs involved in satellite cell proliferation

Answer 5

Myo-D

Myogenin

Question 6

Two MRFs involved in satellite cell differentiation

Answer 6

Myogenin

MRF-4

Question 7

MRF accumulation in type I fibers

Answer 7

Myogenin

Question 8

MRF accumulation in type II fibers

Answer 8

MYO-D

Question 9

Addition of phosphate to ADP to form ATP

Answer 9

Phosphorylation

Question 10

Process in which glucose is trapped in cell to undergo glycolysis

Forms _

Answer 10

Glucose undergoes phosphorylation

G6p

Question 11

Lactic acidosis system - ATP generation maintained

30 seconds into maximal exercise _ is used

Answer 11

2-4 min

Muscle glycogen

Question 12

Immediate energy system

3 exercises

Answer 12

Golf swing
Heavy resistance training
100 m sprint

Question 13

Enzyme that regulates glycolysis

Answer 13

PFK

Question 14

During first 5 seconds of exercise _ is relied on exclusively

Answer 14

ATP-PCr

ATP and phosphocreatine

Question 15

Enzyme that upregulates glycogenolysis

Answer 15

Phosphorlase

Question 16

ADP + ADP = ATP + AMP

Catalyst?

Answer 16

Myokinase

Question 17

ADP + CP = ATP + C

Catalyst?

Answer 17

Creatine kinase

Question 18

ATP structure ; 3

Answer 18

Nitrogenous purine base
Penthouse sugar
Three phosphates

Question 19

ATP stored in muscle

Answer 19

8 mmol/kg/wet weight

Question 20

% of energy provision

Immediate
Lactic
Oxidative

Answer 20

20%

50%

30%

Question 21

Metabolism of glucose

Answer 21

Glycolysis

Question 22

Glucose uptake can be minimized by _ inhibiting _

Answer 22

G6P

Hexokinase

Question 23

One molecule of glucose breaks down into

Answer 23

2 molecules of Pyruvate

Question 24

Substrates for oxidative system:3

Answer 24

Glucose , glycogen, fatty acids

Question 25

Thick contractile unit in muscle

Thin contractile unit in muscle

Answer 25

Myosin

Actin

Question 26

Satellite cell activation and muscle fiber splitting =

Answer 26

Hypertrophy

Question 27

Speed of muscle contraction depends on

Answer 27

Abundance of ATPase

Question 28

Catalyze the decomposition of ATP to ADP

= ?

Answer 28

ATPase

Release of energy

Question 29

Oxidative system

Carbs come from? 2

Fatty acids come from?2

Answer 29

Carbs - blood glucose and muscle glycogenolysis

Fatty acids- muscle fibers or blood

Question 30

Lactic acid system

Substrates 2

Answer 30

Glucose

Glycogen

Question 31

Transformation of glucose to lactate when oxygen is limited

Answer 31

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 32

_ bind with actin = muscle contraction

Answer 32

MHC myosin heavy chains

Question 33

Exposes myosin binding sites on actin for myosin head to bond

Answer 33

Tropomyosin

Question 34

Body makes fatty acid from carbs

Answer 34

De novo lipogenesis

Question 35

ATP + H20 = ADP + Pi

Catalyst?

Answer 35

ATPase

Question 36

Main fatty acid catabolized at rest and during activity

Answer 36

Palmitate

Question 37

_ is a myokine that inhibits myogenesis :muscle cell growth and differentiation

_ and_ in combination decrease this

Answer 37

Myostatin

Resistance training and Cr supplementation