Chapter 1: Basics Flashcards
Critical Thinking
The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statements by rational standards.
Why is critical thinking systematic?
Critical thinking is systematic because it involves distinct procedures and methods.
How is critical thinking based on rational standards?
Critical thinking based on rational standards because beliefs are judged by how well they’re supported by reasons.
How does a lack of critical thinking cause a loss of freedom?
A lack of critical thinking cause a loss of freedom because without critical thinking, your thoughts are not truly yours
Logic
The study of good reason, or inference, and the rules that govern it.
What is the difference between critical thinking and logic?
Critical thinking is broader. Critical thinking involves logic, but also in true or false statements, the evaluation of arguments and evidence, and other skills.
Statement
An assertion that something is or isn’t the case
Argument
An combination of statements providing reasons. It is made up of premises and a conclusion
What are the 2 parts of an argument
Premises and a conclusion
Premise
Statement that supports another statement
Conclusion
Statement supported by premises.
Explanation
Tells us why or how something is the case
What is the difference between and argument and an explanation?
An argument gives us reasons to believe something is the case. An explanation tells us why or how something is the case.
Indicator words
Words that signal that a premise or indicator is present.
What does the term critical refer to in critical thinking?
The critical in critical thinking refers to the exercising of careful judgment and judicious evaluation.
