💙 Chapter 1: Basic Facts to Know Flashcards
How old is the science of psychology?
about 150 years old
Where do psychologists work?
- about 50% or 1/2 in clinical/service settings
- about 30% or 1/3 in academic settings
What future trends are happening in psychology?
more women/diversity, specialization
What’s the easiest way to get a representative sample?
random selection
What do correlational studies do/don’t tell you and why?
DO: whether there is a relationship between two variables
DON’T: whether one variable causes the other
WHY: can’t prove causation
What’s the difference between negative and positive correlations?
(+): variables move in same direction
(-): variable move in opposite direction
Correlation of:
- Study Time & Grades
- Age & Gray Hairs
positive
Correlation of:
- Party Time & Grades
- Age of Adult & Strength
negative
What’s the only type of study that allows you to make conclusions about causation?
experiment
What about experimenting allows you to say one thing caused another?
it allows you to isolate factors and determine their impact
How do you conduct an experiment?
1- Start with 2 or more identical groups
2- Treat the same but manipulate one
3- Measure if still the same or different
If different, we can conclude that the manipulation caused the difference
Why is control so important in an experiment?
allows us to determine if the results are due to the experimental manipulation or external influences
How do you control group bias?
random assignment
How is random assignment different from random selection?
determines which GROUP people are in for study instead of who is in the study
How do you control experimenter bias?
double masked (blind) study
How do you control placebo effect?
single masked (blind) study
Why study animals?
- Helps animals & people
- Easier to get full control
- Shorter lifespan
- Study things you can’t on people
What percentage of public studies are done on animals?
7% - 8%
