Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Attitude

A

A way of thinking or feeling about a target that is often reflected in a person’s behavior. Examples of attitude targets are individuals, concepts, and groups.

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2
Q

Attraction

A

The psychological process of being sexually interested in another person. This can include, for example, physical attraction, first impressions, and dating rituals.

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3
Q

Blind to the research hypothesis

A

When participants in research are not aware of what is being studied.

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4
Q

Conformity

A

Changing one’s attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm.

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5
Q

Culture of honor

A

A culture in which personal or family reputation is especially important.

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6
Q

Discrimination

A

Behavior that advantages or disadvantages people merely based on their group membership.

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7
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to emphasize another person’s personality traits when describing that person’s motives and behaviors and overlooking the influence of situational factors.

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8
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible explanation that can be tested through research.

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9
Q

Levels of analysis

A

Complementary views for analyzing and understanding a phenomenon.

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10
Q

Need to belong

A

A strong natural impulse in humans to form social connections and to be accepted by others.

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11
Q

Obedience

A

Responding to an order or command from a person in a position of authority.

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12
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by observing the behavior of others.

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

An evaluation or emotion toward people based merely on their group membership.

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14
Q

Reciprocity

A

The act of exchanging goods or services. By giving a person a gift, the principle of reciprocity can be used to influence others; they then feel obligated to give back.

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15
Q

Research confederate

A

A person working with a researcher, posing as a research participant or as a bystander.

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16
Q

Research participant

A

A person being studied as part of a research program.

17
Q

Social attribution

A

The way a person explains the motives or behaviors of others.

18
Q

Social cognition

A

The way people process and apply information about others.

19
Q

Social influence

A

When one person causes a change in attitude or behavior in another person, whether intentionally or unintentionally.

20
Q

Social psychology

A

The branch of psychological science that is mainly concerned with understanding how the presence of others affects our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

21
Q

Stereotyping

A

A mental process of using information shortcuts about a group to effectively navigate social situations or make decisions.

22
Q

Stigmatized group

A

A group that suffers from social disapproval based on some characteristic that sets them apart from the majority.