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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 - An Intro To The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - An Intro To The Human Body Flashcards

0
Q

dissection

A

careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships

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1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure and the relationships among structures

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of nature; deals with function of body parts

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3
Q

what is the primary function of lungs?

A

efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood

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4
Q

what are the sub-disciplines of anatomy?

A

embryology, developmental biology, cell biology, histology, sectional anatomy, gross anatomy, systematic anatomy, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, radiographic anatomy, pathological anatomy.

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5
Q

embryology

A

study of embryos; 1st 8 weeks of development after egg is fertilized

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6
Q

developmental biology

A

the complete history of an individual from fertilization to death

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7
Q

cell biology

A

cellular structure and function

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8
Q

histology

A

microscopic structure of tissues

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9
Q

sectional anatomy

A

internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections

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10
Q

gross anatomy

A

structures that can be examined without a microscope

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11
Q

systematic anatomy

A

structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems

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12
Q

regional anatomy

A

specific region of the body such as head or chest

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13
Q

surface anatomy

A

surface markings of the body to understand the relations of deep or internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch)

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14
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

body structures that can be visualized with x-rays

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15
Q

pathological anatomy

A

structural changes associated with disease

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16
Q

example of connections between structure and function of the human body

A
  1. shape of external ear assists with the collection and localization of sound waves, which facilitates hearing.
  2. tight connections between bones of the skull, which protect the brain.
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17
Q

Life essential atoms

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium.

CHONPCa

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18
Q

what are the levels of body organization?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system/organ system, organismal

letters, words, sentence, paragraph, chapter, book

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19
Q

chemical level

A

atoms and molecules

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20
Q

cellular level

A

molecules combine to form cells

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21
Q

cells

A

structures composed of chemicals and are the basic structural and functional units of an organism; smallest living units in human body.

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22
Q

types of cells

A

muscle, nerves, blood cells

23
Q

tissue level

A

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

24
Q

4 basic types of tissues

A

epithelial (covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs/cavities, form glands), connective, muscular, nervous.

25
Q

organ level

A

different types of tissue are joined together

26
Q

system level / organ system level

A

consists of related organs with a common function

27
Q

organismal level

A

any living individual

28
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

29
Q

responsiveness

A

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its internal or external environment

30
Q

movement

A

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single ce3lls, and even structures inside cells

31
Q

growth

A

increase in body size due to increase in existing cells, number of cells, or amount of material surrounding cells.

32
Q

differentiation

A

the process unspecialized cells go through to become specialized cells.

33
Q

reproduction

A
  1. the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement
  2. the production of a new individual
34
Q

what are the body cavities?

A

cranial, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

35
Q

membrane

A

thin pliable tissue that covers lines, partitions, or connects structures

36
Q

serous membrane

A

slippery, double layered; covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen.

37
Q

2 parts of the serous membrane

A

visceral and parietal

38
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane associated with lungs

39
Q

visceral pleura

A

clings to surface of lungs

40
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines the chest wall and covers superior surface of the diaphragm.

41
Q

pleural cavity

A

filled with small volume of lubricating fluid

42
Q

pericardium

A

serous membrane associated with the heart

43
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane associated with abdominal cavity

44
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, jejunum and ileum of the small intestine, and the cecum, appendix, and transverse colon of the large intestine

45
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, ascending and descending colons of the large intestines, abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava.

46
Q

mediastinum

A

anatomical region that is medial to the lungs and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the 1st rib to the diaphragm.

47
Q

disorder

A

any abnormality of structure and/or function

48
Q

disease

A

more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of symptoms and signs in which body structures and functions are altered in characteristic ways

49
Q

symptoms

A

subjective changes in body; functions that aren’t apparent to an observer.

50
Q

signs

A

objective change that a physician can observe and measure

51
Q

lesion

A

anatomical sign of a disease; organ or tissue damage resulting from injury or disease (swelling, rash, ulcer, wound, tumor)

52
Q

local disease

A

affects one part or a limited region of the body

53
Q

systematic disease

A

affects either entire body or several parts of it

54
Q

epidemiology

A

the science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they’re transmitted among individuals in a community

55
Q

phaarmacology

A

the science that deals with the uses and effects of drugs in the treatment of disease

56
Q

diagnosis

A

the science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another

Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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