Chapter 1 An Inteoduction To The Human Body Flashcards
Physiology
Science of body function
Anatomy
Science of body structures and their relationships
Chemical
Atoms, elements, compounds
Cell
Smallest living thing
Tissue
Group of like cells performing same function
Organ
Different tissues performing same function
System
Different organs and tissues performing similar function
Organism
Different systems put together
Homeostasis
An attempt to maintain internal consistency within an organism through the regulation of the organisms functions
-Nervous system and the Endocrine system work together to maintain this internal consistency
Body fluids
Body is mostly water, 60% adult males, and 55% adult females
Intracellular
Fluid inside of the cells
Extracellular
Fluid outside of the cells, includes many areas
Interstitial
Fluid that surrounds cells (80% of extracellular fluid)
Plasma
Fluid inside blood vessels (20% of extracellular fluid)
Misc.
Fluid in Lymph, CSF, Synovial fluids (joints), fluids in the eye
Feedback Mechanisms
Technique used by body to try and maintain homeostasis
Receptor
Many different types monitor many different things and levels in the body
-sends input to control center (hypothalamus) of the values of these different functions
Hypothalamus
Evaluates the input, comparing each value to the range of values it is supposed to be within
-instructs an effector to respond
Negative feedback
Response of the organism is in the opposite direction of the original value change
Positive feedback
Response of the organism is in the same direction of the original value change
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
Catabolism
Breaking down
Anabolism
Building up
