Chapter 1: A Brief History of Microbiology

Question 1

What type of Protozoan locomotion variant has extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia?

Answer 1

Flagella

Question 2

Name the categories Leeuwenhoeks organisms were grouped into.

Answer 2

Bacteria, archaea, fungi, Protozoa, algae, small multicellular animals

Question 3

Which philosopher’s experiments lead to the development of pasteurization as well as the field of industrial microbiology?

Answer 3

pasteur

Question 4

How can fungi be classified?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic Obtain food from other organisms Possess cell walls Include mold and yeasts

Question 5

What is the name of this locomotive protozoan structure?

Answer 5

Pseudopod

Question 6

What are archaeal cell walls composed of?

Answer 6

Polymers other than peptidoglycan

Question 7

Who created simple microscopes?

Answer 7

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 8

Which philosopher determined cells belonged to bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Answer 8

Woese

Question 9

What kind of system did Carolus Linnaeus develop?

Answer 9

Taxonomic system.

Question 10

Protozoa have how many cells? They are classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 10

Single celled eukaryotes

Question 11

What type of Protozoan locomotion variant has cell extensions that flow in the direction of travel?

Answer 11

Pseudopods

Question 12

What is the name of this locomotive protozoan structure?

Answer 12

Cilia

Question 13

The study of the body’s defenses against specific pathogens is called what?

Answer 13

Immunology

Question 14

What type of Protozoan locomotion variant has numerous protrusions that propel organisms through environment?

Answer 14

Cilia

Question 15

Which philosopher developed the germ theory of disease?

Answer 15

Pasteur

Question 16

Which philosopher studied causative agents of disease?

Answer 16

Robert Koch

Question 17

How can yeasts be classified?

Answer 17

Unicellular Reproduce Asexually by budding Some produce sexual spores

Question 18

How are protozoa similar to animals?

Answer 18

In nutrient needs and cellular structure.

Question 19

Name Koch’s postulates.

Answer 19

Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts. Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host. When agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease. Same agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.

Question 20

Which philosophers used microbes as model systems for biochemical reactions?

Answer 20

Kluyver and Van Niel

Question 21

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 21

Mostly asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 22

What is molecular biology?

Answer 22

Explanation of cell function at the molecular level.

Question 23

What did Buchner’s experiments conclude in regards to fermentation? What field did this lead to?

Answer 23

Demonstrated fermentation does not require living cells. The field of Biochemistry.

Question 24

How do bacteria and archaea reproduce?

Answer 24

Asexually

Question 25

Which microbe is unicellular or multi-cellular, photosynthetic, has simple reproductive structures, and categorized on the basis of pigmentation and composition of cell wall?

Answer 25

Algae

Question 26

Which philosopher proposed living things can arise from nonliving matter. What is this concept also known as?

Answer 26

Aristotle, spontaneous generation

Question 27

Fungi, Protozoa,Algae,and small multicellular animals are based in one microorganism category?

Answer 27

Eukaryotic

Question 28

Most protozoa are capable of locomotion by what 3 things?

Answer 28

Pseudopods Cilia Flagella

Question 29

What did the taxonomic system do?

Answer 29

Named plants, animals, and grouped similar organisms together.

Question 30

Describe bacteria cell walls. What do they contain? What do some lack?

Answer 30

Contain peptidoglycan Some Lack cell walls

Question 31

How are bacteria and archaea classified?

Answer 31

•Unicellular and lack nuclei •Smaller than eukaryotes •Found where there is sufficient moisture; some isolated from extreme environments

Question 32

Which philosophers established that gene activity is related to protein function?

Answer 32

Beadle and Tatum

Question 33

Which philosopher concluded that spontaneous generation does not occur?

Answer 33

Spallanzani

Question 34

How do protozoa live?

Answer 34

Freely in water, some live in animal hosts

Question 35

How can molds be classified?

Answer 35

Multicellular Grow as long filaments Reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

Question 36

What is recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 36

When genes in microbes, plants, and animals are manipulated for practical applications.

Question 37

What is the name of this locomotive protozoan structure?

Answer 37

Flagellum