Chapter 1 Flashcards
What makes a person a good observer?
A person is a good observer if they are in good health, have proper tools, senses, communication, and knowledge about what they are observing
What are the three main branches of natural science?
Physical Science-chemistry and physics
Life science: biology
Earth Science: geology and ocean scinces
What is the difference between science and technology?
Pure science is the study of science for expansion of knowledge
Technology is science -or knowledge for how to use it for practical applications
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning is when you arrive at a conclusion based on conditions that could vary the reasoning
Inductive reasoning, is coming up wiht a conjecture based on observations
What is a variable and a control in an experiment
A variable is a factor that changes in an experiment.
When testing, a control variable is the variable that is kept constant under specific conditions (1 condition is different then the variable)
What is an independent variable, dependent variable in an experiment?
Independent variable can change
Dependent variable changes based on the independent variable
What is the difference between hypothesis, conclusion, theory, and law
Hypothesis is a prediction as to what is going to happen in an experiment
Conclusion: Thoughts and analysis after the experiment
Theory:An explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning
- It must explain observations clearly and consistently.
- Experiments that illustrate the theory.
- You can predict from a theory.
Law:This is unlike a scientific law, because that is just a summary of many experimental results and observations. A law tells how things work.
What are the metric units( SI abbreviations) for length, volume, mass, weight, temperature
L: meter (m)
Volume: gram (g)
Mass: gram (g)
weight: newtons (capital N)
Temperature: Celsius (C)
What are the common tools used to measure length, volume, mass, weight, and temperature
Length: Ruler
Volume: graduated cylinder
Mass: Triple beam balance
Weight: Scale
Temperature: Thermometer
What are the abbreviations of the prefixes
Milli: 100th (mm)
Kilo: 1000 (k)
Hector: 100 (H)
Centi: 100th (c)
Deci: 10th ( d)
Deka: 10 ( Dk)
What are three advantages of our using the metric system
- travel
- business
- trade/communication
What are significant events in the history of metrics?
Event
1670
Records of a first Metric System by Gabriel Mouton, a French vicar
1795
Republic of France adopts the first basic Metric System proposed by the French Academy of Sciences
1820
Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands are the first of a growing number of other countries to switch to the Metric System
1866
Congress legalizes the use of the Metric System in the US
1893
The US adopts metric units as fundamental standards for length and mass
1902
Congressional legislation requiring the federal government to use SI exclusively was defeated by a single vote
1959
English units are defined in terms of metric units
1970
Practically all the world has adopted the Metric System - the US, Liberia and Burma remain the only countries still using the English Imperial units
1975
Metric Conversion Act (Public Law 94-168) passed by Congress
2005
The US still have no definitive plan in sight for an adoption of the Metric System
What kind of data is best presented in a line graph, bar graph, and a pie chart
Line Graph: changing data
Bar Graph: same conditions/similar data
Pie Chart: display data that is part of a whole
What is scientific Notation?
Express values in simplest value multiplied by 10^n the number cannot be bigger the 10
What are the rules for significant figures?
Rules for counting significant figures are summarized below.
Zeros within a number are always significant. Both 4308 and 40.05 contain four significant figures.
Zeros that do nothing but set the decimal point are not significant. Thus, 470,000 has two significant figures.
Trailing zeros that aren’t needed to hold the decimal point are significant. For example, 4.00 has three significant figures.
If you are not sure whether a digit is significant, assume that it isn’t. For example, if the directions for an experiment read: “Add the sample to 400 mL of water,” assume the volume of water is known to one significant figure.
