Chapter 1 Flashcards
Positivists’ views influenced the correctional system to consider the criminal act instead of the individual motivation for crime.
False
The state-authorized imposition of some form of deprivation–liberty, resources, or even life–is a ______.
Legal punishment
Which school emerged first in the study of the correctional system?
Classical
There is scant evidence that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in criminal behavior.
False
______ is the study of punishment.
Sociology
Rehabilitation is the most recently identified objective of the practice of punishment.
False
The correctional enterprise, despite advancing other goals, is primarily concerned with punishment.
True
Utility is the basis for Bentham’s philosophy of social control.
True
______ is NOT one of Garofalo’s individualized sentences.
Born criminal
Positivists relied on empirical studies of the causes of crime to determine appropriate punishment.
True
Reintegration assumes individuals can be transformed through effective programs.
True
Early forms of punishment were unusually humane and controlled by today’s standards.
False
The state taking responsibility for punishing wrongdoers from the individuals who were wronged is called ______.
Control vengeance
The various philosophies and goals of punishment, including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and reintegration, are ultimately aimed at the prevention of crime.
True
Research finds that legal sanctions have a substantial effect on deterrence.
True
Deterrence
A Philosophy of punishment aimed at the prevention of crime by the threat of punishment
Retribution
A philosophy of punishment demanding that criminals punishments match the degree of harm the criminals have inflicted on their victims- that is what they justly deserve
Incapacitation
A philosophy of punishment that refers to the inability of criminals to victimize people outside prison walls while they are locked up
Rehabilitation
A philosophy of punishment aimed at “curing” criminals of their antisocial behavior
Reintegration
A philosophy of punishment that aims to use the time criminals are under correctional supervision to prepare them to renter the free community as well equipped to do so as possible
