Chapter 1 Flashcards
Positivists’ views influenced the correctional system to consider the criminal act instead of the individual motivation for crime.
False
The state-authorized imposition of some form of deprivation–liberty, resources, or even life–is a ______.
Legal punishment
Which school emerged first in the study of the correctional system?
Classical
There is scant evidence that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in criminal behavior.
False
______ is the study of punishment.
Sociology
Rehabilitation is the most recently identified objective of the practice of punishment.
False
The correctional enterprise, despite advancing other goals, is primarily concerned with punishment.
True
Utility is the basis for Bentham’s philosophy of social control.
True
______ is NOT one of Garofalo’s individualized sentences.
Born criminal
Positivists relied on empirical studies of the causes of crime to determine appropriate punishment.
True
Reintegration assumes individuals can be transformed through effective programs.
True
Early forms of punishment were unusually humane and controlled by today’s standards.
False
The state taking responsibility for punishing wrongdoers from the individuals who were wronged is called ______.
Control vengeance
The various philosophies and goals of punishment, including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and reintegration, are ultimately aimed at the prevention of crime.
True
Research finds that legal sanctions have a substantial effect on deterrence.
True
