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BMSC 200 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A 
Large
Membrane bound organelles
Nucleus
Cells with specialized functions
Complex
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2
Q

What are proteins? and how are they held together?

A

Linear polymers of amino acids

Held together by peptide bonds

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3
Q

G<0

A

Exergonic

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4
Q

What are lipids and how are they held together?

A

Monomers of Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Held together through non covalent bonds

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5
Q

G>0

A

Endergonic

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6
Q

What is a Chiral Carbon?

A

A carbon molecule that can be positioned in different ways

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7
Q

What does “trans” mean?

A

Hydrogen molecules are on the opposite side

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8
Q

What are some functions of Polysaccharides?

A

Cell Structure
Cellular recognition
Energy Storage

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9
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Small
Rapid Growth
Nucleiod
Simple

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10
Q

What is a Geometric isomer?

A

Same chemical formula but differ in configuration groups

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11
Q

What does Catabolic mean?

A

Breaking Things down (Energy producing)

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12
Q

What are the functions of Proteins?

A

Signal Molecules
Structure
Enzymes

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13
Q

How can a molecule change through Configuration?

A

It can only be changed by breaking its bonds through Double bonds and Chiral Centers

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14
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Tendency to move towards total entropy (disorder) and is always increasing

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15
Q

What does Anabolic mean?

A

Building Things up (Energy Using)

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16
Q

What non-covalent bonds keep lipids together?

A

Hydrophobic head and Hydrophilic tail

17
Q

What is the central Dogma?

A

Replication -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> DNA

18
Q

4 Major Classes of Biomolecules

A

Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Polysaccharides

19
Q

What are some Functions of Nucleic Acid?

A

Storage of Genetic information

20
Q

What does the structure of a molecule determine?

A

It’s function

21
Q

What are biomolecules constructed from?

A

Stereoisomers

22
Q

What is a special ability of Polysaccharides?

A

Can create branch points which allow for more than one covalent linkage formation

23
Q

What does a Chiral Carbon usually have?

A 
Amino Group (NH3)
Hydrogen Group (H)
Carboxyl Group (COO-)
24
Q

What are the advantages of constructing biologicals as polymers?

A

Simplicity
Recycling
Diversity

25
Q

4 Main Elements of living things

A

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

26
Q

What does Conformation mean?

A

A molecule can be changed without breaking it’s covalent bonds meaning it has a freedom of rotation

27
Q

G=0

A

Equilibrium

28
Q

Why do biomolecules oppose the second law of Thermodynamics?

A

They want organization

29
Q

Why is Carbon the best element for us?

A

Carbon to Carbon bonds are stronger and leads to more stable biomolecules
More energy is released
Carbon Byproducts (CO2) Can be recycled

30
Q

What are proteins built from?

A

L-amino acids

31
Q

What does “cis” mean?

A

Hydrogen molecules are on the same side

32
Q

What are Polysaccharides and how are they held together?

A

Monomers of monosaccharides

Linked through glycosidic linkages (covalent linkage)

33
Q

How many bonds does a Chiral Carbon have?

A

Only single bonds

34
Q

What is a Nucleic Acid and how is it held together?

A

Monomores of Nucleotides

Held together by phosphodiester Linkages

35
Q

What is a stereoisomer?

A

Non-superimposible Near images

Chemical properties are the same but Biological properties are different

36
Q

What do the side chain properties do?

A

Determine how a protein will fold itself, and the way it folds itself will determine its function (structure determines function)

37
Q

What does Configuration mean?

A

Molecule cannot be changed without breaking its covalent bonds

38
Q

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created no destroyed, only transformed

39
Q

Since spontaneous conversion from “cis” to “trans” cannot occur, what must happen?

A

Need to break double bond, re position it, then reform the bond

BMSC 200 (6 decks)

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