Chapter 1 Flashcards
(dis)courteous
(des)cortés adjectives that are used with ser
(un)able, (in)capable
(in)capaz adjectives that are used with ser
A character (book/movie)
Personaje
A liar
Mentiroso/a
According
según
Affectionate
Cariñoso/a
alive
vivo/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Allusion
alusión
Ana is a little heavier, isn’t she?
Ana está un poco gorda, ¿no? Description: Variation from normal characteristics or traits Notice how the two people in the following conversation have opposite assumptions about Ana’s usual state of being. They use ser to express their perceived norm and estar to express a deviation from that norm.
Ana is short and dark-skinned; She is very nice.
Ana es baja y morena; es muy simpática. Physical description: Characteristics or personality traits considered normal or typical, including size, shape, color, and personality
Ana is sick.
Ana está enferma. Description: Emotional, mental, and health conditions
angry
enojado/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Appearance
La apariencia
As a review
de repaso
ashamed
avergonzado/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Based
basadas
Beard
La barba
Big
Grande
black eyes
los ojos negros
Blond hair
El pelo rubio
blue eyes
los ojos azules
brown eyes
los ojos color café
brown skinned
moreno/a, de piel oscura trigueño/a
Brunette
Moreno/a
Bullying, intimidation
intimidación
challenge
el desafío
Character
El carácter La forma de ser personalidad personaje (fictional character) entidad ficticia de una narrativa (fictional character)
Christopher Columbus arrives at the island that he calls Hispaniola in 1492.
Cristóbal Colón llega a la isla que él llama Española en 1492. Historical present: past actions narrated in the present
Cold
Frío/a
Commercial ads
Anuncios comerciales
confused
confundido/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
confusing
confuso/a adjectives that are used with ser
Conservative
Conservador/a
Credits
reparto
Curly hair
El pelo rizado
Damn
Maldito/a
dark skin/hair
Moreno/a, negro/a, de piel oscura, Trigueño/a
dead
muerto/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Discovery
descubrimiento
Discrepancy
discrepancia
Do you know my sister?
Conoces a mi hermana? to be acquainted/familiar with a person, place, or thing
Do you know the lyrics of the national anthem?
Sabes Ia letra del himno national? to know well (by heart or from menwn.)
Dull, bothersome, annoying
Pesado/a
Dumb, silly
Tonto/a
Eat as much as you want.
Coman tanto como quieran. …verb + tanto como…
Egotistic
Esgoista
Hair
El pelo
Extroverted
Extrovertido/a
Eyes
Los ojos
Face
El rostro La cara
Fat
Gorda Gruesa
Flexible
Flexible
Fool
imbécil
Foolish
Insensato/a
Freckles
Las pecas
Friendly
Simpático/a
From farm to farm High and low?
de finca en finca
Funny
Chistoso/a
Generous
Generoso/a
ghhghg
hhkhk
Glasses
Los anteojos
Gray hair
Las canas
Gray/white hair
El pelo gris/blanco
green eyes
los ojos verdes
Handsome/Good looking
Guapo/a
He is fifty years old.
Tiene cincuenta años.
He is very thirsty.
Tiene mucha sed.
Heritage
herencia
Honest
Honesto/a
honey colored/hazel eyes
los ojos color miel ojos color avellana
Hot
calurosa
I am the oldest of my siblings.
Yo soy la mayor de mis hermanos. The irregular comparative forms can be used to express the superlative. el/la/los/las + mayor/menor/mejor/peor (+ de…)
I have less than $10 to go out tonight.
Tengo menos de diez dólares para salir esta noche. Comparisons of a specific number or quantity …más/menos de + number + noun This phrase is used to compare amounts of things measured in numbers.
I hear the neighbors’ music.
Oigo la música de los vecinos. Uses of the present tense An action that takes place at the moment of speaking
I know almost all of Central America.
Conozco casi toda Centroamerica. to be acquainted/familiar with a person, place, or thing
I know what you mean.
Se lo que quieres decir. to know a fact
I study in the library almost every day.
Casi todos los días estudio en la biblioteca. Uses of the present tense Generalizations and habitual actions
I’m going to visit Peru next summer.
Voy a visitar el Perú el proximo verano. Ir a + infinitive is also used to express actions that take place in the near future.
I’m having dinner with my parents.
Voy a cenar con mis padres. Unlike English, in Spanish the progressive is never used to express the future.
I’m very cold.
Tengo mucho frío. Use mucho/a with the noun to emphasize these states.
Image
La imagen
in love
enamorado/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Inference
inferencia
Insensitive
Insensible
Intelligent
Inteligente
Introverted
Introvertido/a
irresponsible
irresponsable
It is …hot/cool/cold.
Hace…calor/fresco/frío.
It is …nice/ugly weather.
Hace…buen/mal tiempo.
It is …sunny/windy.
Hace…sol/viento.
It’s 3:00 p.m.
Son las 3:00 de la tarde. Time and date
It’s fascinating to learn other languages.
Es fascinante aprender otras lenguas. Impersonal expressions
José is five years younger than I am.
José es cinco años menor que yo. más pequeño/joven → menor …más/menos + adjective + que… Some adjectives have special comparative forms.
Joy
alegria
Juana Banana has a beautiful smile.
Juana Banana tiene una hermosa sonrisa.
Julia is Cuban. She’s from Santiago.
Julia es cubana. Es de Santiago. Personal description: Nationality, origin, religion, gender, profession, etcétera.
Julia is working in the library now.
Julia está trabajando en la biblioteca ahora. Progressive tenses: estar + present participle
Body language
lenguaje corporal
Light brown, dirty blond, chestnut hair
El pelo castaño
little girl
Niña La nena
Physical features
Los rasgos físicos
Male
El varón
Manuela knows how to dance tango very well.
Manuela sabe bailar el tango muy bien. to know how; to be able
Miguel is taller than his father.
Miguel es más alto que su padre. …más/menos + adjective + que…
Modest
Modesto/a
Mole
El lunar
Moron
Idiota
Mustache
El bigote
My car is bigger than his.
Mi coche es más grande que el suyo.
My grandma makes the best tamales in Los Angeles.
Mi abuela hace los mejores tamales de Los Ángeles. The irregular comparative forms can be used to express the superlative. el/la/los/las + mayor/menor/mejor/peor (+ de…)
My grandma’s cookies are the best in the world.
Las galletas de mi abuela son las más ricas del mundo. A superlative (el superlativo) is an expression that indicates something as the maximum within a category or group. el/la/los/las + noun + más/menos + adjective (+ de…)
My sister is two years older than you.
Mi hermana es dos años mayor que tú. más grande/viejo (edad) → mayor …más/menos + adjective + que… Some adjectives have special comparative forms.
Neither
Ninguno/a
Not at all! As a young girl, she was very thin.
¡Qué va! De joven era muy delgada. Description: Variation from normal characteristics or traits Notice how the two people in the following conversation have opposite assumptions about Ana’s usual state of being. They use ser to express their perceived norm and estar to express a deviation from that norm.
Nowadays there is more pollution than there was a hundred years ago.
Hoy hay más contaminación de la que había hace cien años. Comparisons of nonspecific quantities Note that the definite article agrees with the noun compared. Use del que with masculine singular nouns. …más/menos + noun + de + definite article + que + verb This phrase is used to compare amounts not measured in numbers.
Obese
Obeso/a Gordo/a
occupied; busy
ocupado/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Peasant
campesina
Pedro has as much money as Luis.
Pedro tiene tanta plata como Luis. …tanto/a(s) + noun + como… Note that tanto agrees with the noun compared.
Pregnant
Embarazada Preñada
pregnant
embarazada Some adjectives only follow estar.
Progressive
Progresista
Proud
orgullosa
Quiet
Callado/a
responsible
responsable
round
redondo/a adjectives that are used with ser
Sara is as tall as her father.
Sara es tan alta como su padre. …tan + adjective + como… Note that the adjective agrees with the subject (the first noun).
satisfied
satisfecho/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Scar
La cicatriz
Sensible
Sensitive
Serious
Serio/a
She is a teacher.
Es profesora. Personal description: Nationality, origin, religion, gender, profession, etcétera.
She looks the same to me. She’s always been a little chubby.
Para mí está igual. Ella siempre ha sido un poco gordita. Description: Variation from normal characteristics or traits Notice how the two people in the following conversation have opposite assumptions about Ana’s usual state of being. They use ser to express their perceived norm and estar to express a deviation from that norm.
Short
Bajo/a
Short film
Cortometraje
Shy
Tímido
Skinny, Thin
delgado/a
slender
Delgada, flaca, flacucha, Esbelta
Small
Pequeño/a
Smile
La sonrisa
Smiling
sonriente
Social gathering
tertulia
Someone opened the window.
Alguien abrió la ventana.
Someone opened the window.
Alguien abrió la ventana.
square
cuadrado/a adjectives that are used with ser
Stereotype
El estereotipo
Stingy
Tacaño/a
Straight hair
El pelo lacio/liso
Stubborn
Terco/a
Stupid
Estupido/a
surprised
sorprendido/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
Symbol
Símbolo
Talkative
Hablador/a
Tall
Alto/a
teeth
Dientes dentadura
The boys are as tall as their mother.
Los niños son tan altos como su madre. …tan + adjective + como… Note that the adjective agrees with the subject (the first noun).
The class is at 8:00.
La clase es a las 8:00. Time and location of events
The concert is in the Cervantes Theater.
El concierto es en el Teatro Cervantes. Time and location of events
The economy is better this year than last year.
La economía está mejor este año que el año pasado. …más/menos + adverb + que… Bien and mal also have special comparative forms: mejor and peor.
The fair
La feria
The gift is for you.
El regalo es para ti. Purpose or destination: ser + para
The girls are less stubborn than you.
Las niñas son menos tercas que tú. …más/menos + adjective + que…
The party is going to be a disaster if it rains this evening.
La fiesta va a ser un desastre si llueve esta noche. Historical present: past actions narrated in the present
The pencil is for writing.
El lápiz es para escribir. Purpose or destination: ser + para
The phenomenon was studied by European scientists.
El fenómeno fue estudiado por científicos europeos. Passive voice: ser + past participle*
The rest (of)
los demás
The students are nervous.
Los estudiantes están nerviosos. Description: Emotional, mental, and health conditions
The students are seated (sitting down).
Los estudiantes están sentados. Resulting states: estar + past participle
The students seated themselves.
Los estudiantes se sentaron.
The table is (made of) wood.
La mesa es de madera. Identification: Material something is made of (ser + de)
The window is open.
La ventana está abierta. Resulting states: estar + past participle
There are as many exams as last semester.
Hay tantos exámenes como el semestre pasado. …tanto/a(s) + noun + como… Note that tanto agrees with the noun compared.
They met at the university.
Se conocleron en Ia universidad. to meet for the first time (in the preterite) a person, place, or thing
This boss treats us as badly as the other one.
Este jefe nos trata tan mal como el otro. …tan + adverb + como…
This is it.
Esta es. Identification: Noun phrases (noun = noun)
This novel is worse than the last one.
Esta novela es peor que la anterior. más malo → peor …más/menos + adjective + que… Some adjectives have special comparative forms.
This program is better than the last one.
Este programa es mejor que el anterior. más bueno → mejor …más/menos + adjective + que… Some adjectives have special comparative forms.
Those books are mine. This one is Joaquín’s.
Esos libros son míos. Este es de Joaquín. Possession
Those books are mine. This one is Joaquín’s.
Esos libros son míos. Este es de Joaquín.
tired
cansado/a Some adjectives only follow estar.
to appear
aparecer aparezco
to ask for, request
pedir pido pides pide pedimos piden
to be
estar estoy estas esta estamos estan
to be
ser soy eres es somos son
to be (a) bad ( person)
ser malo/a
to be (a) comfortable (object)
ser cómodo/a
to be (a) good ( person)
ser bueno/a
To be (presence/existence)
Haber Haber is used to express the existence of something. In the present tense, the irregular form hay is used to express there is / there are. Hay is always followed by a number or an indefinite article, never by a definite article.
To be a redhead
Ser pelirrojo/a
to be able to
poder puedo puedes puede poderemos pueden
to be acquainted/familiar with a person, place, or thing to meet for the first time (in the preterite)
conocer
to be bad to the taste (to taste bad)
estar malo/a
To be bald
Ser/estar clavo/a Pelón
to be bored
estar aburrido/a
to be boring
ser aburrido/a
to be careful
tener cuidado Many physical and emotional states that are expressed with to be and to feel in English, are expressed with tener in Spanish.