Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define Anatomy
Science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its part
Describe the process of sciences
Hypothesis- idea or principle to be tested in experiments
Experiment- series of test of a hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences
Theory- hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus shown to have a high degree of confidence
Law- a theory that has an unusually high level of confidence
Define microscopic anatomy
Study of body parts with microscope
What type of study is cytology
Study of cells
Define gross anatomy
Study of the body and its part relying only on the naked eye as tool for observation.
What is developmental anatomy
Study of human growth and development
What is pathological anatomy
Study of diseased body structures
Systemic anatomy
Study of the body system
What is physiology
Science of the function of organisms
Organism involved
Human or plant physiology
Organizational level
Molecular or cellular physiology
Systemic function
Respiratory physiology, neurophysiology, or cardiovascular physiology
Why type of study is histology
Study of tissues
Characteristics of life
Autopoiesis
Living organisms are self organized and self- maintaining
Characteristics of life
Cell theory
If it is made of one or more cells, it is alive
Characteristics of life
Metabolism
Sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the living body
Levels of organization
Chemical level
Organization
Levels of organization
Organelle level
Chemical structure organized to form organelles that perform individual function
Levels of organization- cellular
Each cell has a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm within a limiting membrane
Cells different to perform unique functions
Levels of organization
Organ
Organs represent discrete and functionally complex operational units
Each organ has a size, shape appearances and placement in the body
Levels of organization
System
System levels of all varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged perform complex functions
Levels of organization
Organisms
The living human organism is greater than sum it part
All of the compounds interact to allow the human to survive and flourish
Anatomical position
Reference position
Body erect with arms at the sides, plans forward
Head and feet pointing forward
Superior
Towards the head
Inferior
Lower
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Medial
Towards the middle of the body
Lateral
Towards the side of the body away from the body midline
Anatomy is defined as the study of the________ of living organism.
Structure
Physiology is defined as the study of _________of a living organism.
Function
The organization of the body begins at what level?
Chemical
The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major division.
Axial and appendicular
Appendicular - arms and legs
Inner region of an organ
Medullary- medulla
Outer region or layer of an organ
Cortical- cortex
The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the____ plane.
Coronal
The relatively constant state Maintained by the body is known as
Homeostasis
Passive transport
in which no cellular energy is required to affect movement through the cell membrane
Active transport
Active transport, in which cellular energy is required to provide movement through the cell membrane
Active Transport
Active transport processes require the expenditure of energy by the cells to move substances from an area of low concentration to one of a high concentration. The energy required is obtained from ATP.
Diffusion
diffusion
Passive transport process responsible for the exchange of gases that occurs in the respiratory system.
Osmosis
osmosis
Passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater concentration due to an imbalance of impermeant solutes across the membrane.
Filtration
filtration
Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side.
Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will swell and eventually lyse as water flows into them.
false or true
F
A solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a living red blood cell would be
Hypertonic
Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances that may enter cells.
T or F
T
The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is ?
CELL OR ATOM
Cell
The cell is the smallest “living” unit and the basic functioning unit of the human body
Molecules cannot permeate the cracks of these junctions.
Tight junctions occur in the lining of the intestines and other parts of the body where it is important to control what gets through a sheet of cells.
