Chapter 1

Question 1

7 characteristics of life

Answer 1

1. Cellular organization
2. Ordered complexity
3. Sensitivity
4. Growth, development, and reproduction
5. Energy utilization
6. Homeostasis
7. Evolutionary adaptation

Question 2

Hierarchical organization of living systems

Answer 2

1. Cellular level
2. Organismal level
3. Population level
4. Ecosystem level
5. Biosphere
   - emergent properties appear going up hierarchy

Question 3

Inductive reasoning

Answer 3

Reasoning where the logic flows from specific to general.
Example: if poodles have hair, and terriers have hair, and every dog do you observe has here, you may conclude that all dogs have hair

Question 4

Deductive reasoning

Answer 4

taking a general idea and looking for its validity by examining specific examples

Question 5

Reductionism

Answer 5

reducing the complex system to the workings of its individual parts. Not able to account for emergent properties.

Question 6

Artificial selection

Answer 6

pidgin breeding example

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

Darwin’s explanation for the variation in species

Question 8

On the Origin of Species

Answer 8

Darwin wrote draft in 1846, not published until 1858 after similar essay from Alfred Russell Wallace

Question 9

Evidence supporting evolution by natural selection

Answer 9

1. Fossil record
2. Age of the earth
3. Mechanism of heredity
4. Comparative anatomy
5. Molecular evidence (ex: hemoglobin gives phylogenetic tree)

Question 10

Unifying themes

Answer 10

1. Cell Theory (organization)
2. Molecular basis of inheritance
3. Relationship between structure and function
4. Evolutionary change drives diversity
5. Evolutionary comp survey she explains commonalities of living organisms
6. Cells are information processing systems
7. Nonequilibrium state