Bio 1 - cancer

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

A disorder of cell division and differentiation

Question 2

Most common kind of cancerous tissue

Answer 2

Epithelial tissue

Question 3

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 3

Cancer in the upper layer of skin

Question 4

Basal call carninoma

Answer 4

Cancer in stem cell layer of skin

Question 5

Sarcoma

Answer 5

Cancer of connective tissue

Question 6

Leukemia

Answer 6

Cancer in bone marrow

Question 7

Lymphoma

Answer 7

Cancer in an immune cell

Question 8

HeLa cells

Answer 8

Discovered by Henrietta Lacks (Baltimore) - cells that grow indefinitely in cell culture

Question 9

Alpha-fetoprotein

Answer 9

Gets turned on in liver cells by cancer (example of de-differentiation). Liver cells typically produce albumin instead

Question 10

Angiogenesis

Answer 10

Growing new blood vessels

Question 11

Oncogenes

Answer 11

Cancer-causing genes

Question 12

Gain of function mutations

Answer 12

Where mutation only happens in one chromosome, which acts as dominant gene, causing proliferation

Question 13

Loss of function mutations

Answer 13

Two inactivating mutations result in recessive behavior of gene “tumor suppressor genes”

Question 14

Retinoblastoma

Answer 14

a cancer caused by activation of recessive gene (two mutations)

Question 15

Mitogen

Answer 15

Growth factor signaling mitosis

Question 16

p53 protein

Answer 16

protein with 53k molecular weight that triggers DNA repair. Mutant form found in ~70% cancers

Question 17

Tyrosine kinase

Answer 17

Protein involved in signalling bone marrow cell division in CML