Bio: Fungi and Protists

Question 1

Dinoflagellates

Answer 1

Plant-like protist. Have 2 flagella. Causes toxic blooms “red tide” when nitrogen or phosphates suddenly is available in the sea and they grow exponentially

Question 2

Zygomycete

Answer 2

Bread mold type. Its hyphae fuse, making zygosporangium, forming diploid cells, and where meiosis occurs. Stalk-like structures emerge.

Question 3

Fungal diseases in trees

Answer 3

Chestnut blight and dutch elm disease

Question 4

Morels

Answer 4

Members of Ascomycete family

Question 5

Sarcodina

Answer 5

Animal-like protist. Amoeboid protozoans

Question 6

Thallus

Answer 6

Leafy portion of a lichen

Question 7

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 7

Rare pneumonia that first showed up in individuals with AIDS

Question 8

Algae

Answer 8

Plat-like protists. Formerly classified as plants, but they don’t form plant-like embryo. Have flagella that become depolymerized with pressure. E.g. volvox, green algae, brown algae, red algae. 3 types of algae. Multicellular types are called seaweeds (e.g. Kelps).

Question 9

Ascomycete

Answer 9

Spores land on the ground, forms mycelium, then cup shaped fungus, where (+)/(-) cells fuse, going into meiosis. Produces cell with 8 nuclei (spore sac) named asucs

Question 10

Ciliates

Answer 10

Animal-like protists because they don’t form an embryo with blastula stage. Can be single or multi-cell. Use cilia to move around (it beats with eurkaryotic 9+2 structure).

Question 11

Thrichomaniasis

Answer 11

A STD spread by flagellate.

Question 12

Athlete’s foot

Answer 12

Skin fungi

Question 13

Structure of deuteromycete

Answer 13

We don’t know what type of sexual structure it produces

Question 14

Ringworm

Answer 14

Skin fungus, that forms raised whirl that looks like worm, but there is not worm

Question 15

Histoplasmosis

Answer 15

Lives in dry bat poop

Question 16

Structure of basidomycete

Answer 16

Club-like cell at the edge of the gills that pushes out the spores.

Question 17

White nose syndrome

Answer 17

Has killed millions of bats.

Question 18

Mycorrhizae

Answer 18

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant. Plant shares nutrients, fungus shares minerals from soil and shares with plant

Question 19

Euglenoids

Answer 19

Plant-like protist. Has flagellum. Facultative feeders because they have chloroplasts and can function as an autotroph

Question 20

Mycelium

Answer 20

Strings of thick, healthy hyphae. Dikaryotic cells. Can produce mushroom structure

Question 21

Germination in a fungus

Answer 21

Fusion of diploid cell, will go into meiosis, pushes haploid cells (spores) out.

Question 22

Paramecium

Answer 22

Common example of ciliates (animal-like protists).

Question 23

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 23

Most deadly type of malaria

Question 24

Ascus

Answer 24

Spore sac produced by ascomycete

Question 25

Radiolarians

Answer 25

Amoeba-like protist, that forms silica-based skeleton

Question 26

Spores

Answer 26

Cells that are haploid, will grow into haploid structures. Gametes need fertilization to grow into zygote organism. They have (+)/(-) mating types.

Question 27

Chrystophyta

Answer 27

Plant-like protist. e.g Diatoms. They form a box-like skeleton out of silica.

Question 28

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 28

Causes dysentery. move by pseudopod (actin)

Question 29

Slime molds

Answer 29

(Dictyostelium discoideum). Fungi-like protists, but are not fungi b/c they don't have hyphae or mycellium.. There does not appear to be a sexual part of its reproduction. Different from fungi in that

Question 30

Hyphae

Answer 30

Strings of cells. Cell walls are made of chitin

Question 31

Lichens

Answer 31

Combination of fungus and a photosynthetic partner

Question 32

Foraminiferans

Answer 32

Shells make up white cliffs of Dover

Question 33

Plasmodium vivax

Answer 33

More common type of malaria, less virulent

Question 34

Thrush

Answer 34

Common in kids, makes tongue turn white

Question 35

Sporozoans

Answer 35

Animal-like protists. Malarial parasites are common example. Sporozoite to merozoites -\> infect red blood cells. Breaking out of red blood cells triggers bouts of chills and fevers.

Question 36

Ergotism

Answer 36

Causes hallucinations, twitching, distortion of limbs, found in rye. Thought to be behind Salem witch trials.

Question 37

Yeast

Answer 37

Members of Ascomycete family

Question 38

Structure of ascomycete

Answer 38

Spore sac (ascus)

Question 39

Protist kingdom

Answer 39

"catch-all kingdom"

Question 40

Deuteromycete

Answer 40

All of the rest of the fungi, where we don't know what kind of sexual structure they form. Only asexual as far as we can tell

Question 41

Structure of zygomycete

Answer 41

Zygospore (zygosporangium)

Question 42

Flagellates

Answer 42

Animal-like protist. Trypanosome brucei (African sleeping sickness). Trypanosome cruzi (chagas disease in S. America). Vector assasin bug. Postbac had Leishmaniasis

Question 43

Giardia

Answer 43

An example of flagellate. Only have traces of mitochondria (remnant)