Bio: Fungi and Protists Flashcards
Dinoflagellates
Plant-like protist. Have 2 flagella. Causes toxic blooms “red tide” when nitrogen or phosphates suddenly is available in the sea and they grow exponentially
Zygomycete
Bread mold type. Its hyphae fuse, making zygosporangium, forming diploid cells, and where meiosis occurs. Stalk-like structures emerge.
Fungal diseases in trees
Chestnut blight and dutch elm disease
Morels
Members of Ascomycete family
Sarcodina
Animal-like protist. Amoeboid protozoans
Thallus
Leafy portion of a lichen
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Rare pneumonia that first showed up in individuals with AIDS
Algae
Plat-like protists. Formerly classified as plants, but they don’t form plant-like embryo. Have flagella that become depolymerized with pressure. E.g. volvox, green algae, brown algae, red algae. 3 types of algae. Multicellular types are called seaweeds (e.g. Kelps).
Ascomycete
Spores land on the ground, forms mycelium, then cup shaped fungus, where (+)/(-) cells fuse, going into meiosis. Produces cell with 8 nuclei (spore sac) named asucs
Ciliates
Animal-like protists because they don’t form an embryo with blastula stage. Can be single or multi-cell. Use cilia to move around (it beats with eurkaryotic 9+2 structure).
Thrichomaniasis
A STD spread by flagellate.
Athlete’s foot
Skin fungi
Structure of deuteromycete
We don’t know what type of sexual structure it produces
Ringworm
Skin fungus, that forms raised whirl that looks like worm, but there is not worm
Histoplasmosis
Lives in dry bat poop
Structure of basidomycete
Club-like cell at the edge of the gills that pushes out the spores.
White nose syndrome
Has killed millions of bats.
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant. Plant shares nutrients, fungus shares minerals from soil and shares with plant
Euglenoids
Plant-like protist. Has flagellum. Facultative feeders because they have chloroplasts and can function as an autotroph
Mycelium
Strings of thick, healthy hyphae. Dikaryotic cells. Can produce mushroom structure
Germination in a fungus
Fusion of diploid cell, will go into meiosis, pushes haploid cells (spores) out.
Paramecium
Common example of ciliates (animal-like protists).
Plasmodium falciparum
Most deadly type of malaria
Ascus
Spore sac produced by ascomycete
Radiolarians
Amoeba-like protist, that forms silica-based skeleton
Spores
Cells that are haploid, will grow into haploid structures. Gametes need fertilization to grow into zygote organism. They have (+)/(-) mating types.
Chrystophyta
Plant-like protist. e.g Diatoms. They form a box-like skeleton out of silica.
Entamoeba histolytica
Causes dysentery. move by pseudopod (actin)
Slime molds
(Dictyostelium discoideum). Fungi-like protists, but are not fungi b/c they don’t have hyphae or mycellium.. There does not appear to be a sexual part of its reproduction. Different from fungi in that
Hyphae
Strings of cells. Cell walls are made of chitin
Lichens
Combination of fungus and a photosynthetic partner
Foraminiferans
Shells make up white cliffs of Dover
Plasmodium vivax
More common type of malaria, less virulent
Thrush
Common in kids, makes tongue turn white
Sporozoans
Animal-like protists. Malarial parasites are common example. Sporozoite to merozoites -> infect red blood cells. Breaking out of red blood cells triggers bouts of chills and fevers.
Ergotism
Causes hallucinations, twitching, distortion of limbs, found in rye. Thought to be behind Salem witch trials.
Yeast
Members of Ascomycete family
Structure of ascomycete
Spore sac (ascus)
Protist kingdom
“catch-all kingdom”
Deuteromycete
All of the rest of the fungi, where we don’t know what kind of sexual structure they form. Only asexual as far as we can tell
Structure of zygomycete
Zygospore (zygosporangium)
Flagellates
Animal-like protist. Trypanosome brucei (African sleeping sickness). Trypanosome cruzi (chagas disease in S. America). Vector assasin bug. Postbac had Leishmaniasis
Giardia
An example of flagellate. Only have traces of mitochondria (remnant)
