Chapter 1 Flashcards
Microbes are NOT responsible for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. breaking down wastes the synthesis of vitamins antibody production oxygen generation via photosynthesis the synthesis of acetone and alcohol
antibody production
The cell theory states that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are made up of cells. all living things plants animals protozoa archaea
all living things
Pasteurization was first developed to kill \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in wine. all bacteria spoilage bacteria antibiotic-producing bacteria disease-causing bacteria probiotic bacteria
spoilage bacteria
In Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment, the importance of the S-shaped curves in the flasks was twofold. The curves allowed entry of air but excluded \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. airborne bacteria viruses oxygen nutrients heat
aireborne bacteria
Robert Koch's studies on Bacillus anthracis established a sequence of experimental steps to prove that microbes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. recycle elements such as nitrogen produce antiviral compounds can be altered to produce products such as human insulin control insect pests cause disease
cause disease
An exposure to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protects against infection with smallpox. penicillin chemotherapy influenza normal microbiota cowpox
Cowpox
Ehrlich searched for a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that would destroy a pathogen without harming the infected host. vital force pathogen vaccine magic bullet herbal remedy
magic bullet
How would you recognize an antibiotic-producing soil bacterium on a plate crowded with other bacteria? The bacterial colony producing the antibiotic would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. star-shaped surrounded by a clear area red or yellow characterized by pseudopods visible as masses called mycelia
surrounded by a clear area
The usefulness of antibiotics is hampered by __________.
an antibiotic’s lack of specificity for bacterial versus animal cells
the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
difficulties encountered in mass production
the limited types of antibiotic available
their inability to kill gram negative bacteria
the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
All living organisms can be classified into three domains: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Animalia, Plantae, and Microbes Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Viruses
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Which of the following is characteristic of bacteria?
Bacteria reproduce by a cell-division process known as mitosis.
Bacteria live in extreme environments including pH, temperature, and pressure extremes.
Bacteria have cellulose or chitin in their cell walls.
Bacteria have DNA or RNA, but not both.
Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleaus
All of the following are eukaryotes EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. algae fungi bacteria helminths protozoa
bacteria
A new microorganism has been isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. It consists of single cells, which appear to lack a nucleus. Chemical analysis shows the presence of both DNA and RNA in the cytoplasm and pseudomurein in the cell wall. In which of the following groups will this organism be classified? protists plants Archaea Bacteria fungi
Archaea
Arsenic is a relatively common hazardous waste generated by smelting processes and can contaminate soil and water surrounding smelting facilities. A bioprocess using naturally occurring bacteria to remove arsenic has been developed. This process is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. bioremediation gene therapy nitrogen fixation fermentation genetic engineering
Bioremediation
Placing the DNA from an animal cell into the genome of a bacterium will allow the bacterium to produce an animal product. This new piece of DNA is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. an enzyme conjugated DNA the hereditary material the genetic code recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA
Which of the following properties are true of both bacteria and viruses? Both use a molecule of nucleic acid to determine heredity. Both contain DNA and RNA. Both are surrounded by a protein coat. Both can replicate using biogenesis. Both have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan.
Both use a molecule of nucleic acid to determine heredity
Which is NOT a characteristic of the normal microbiota? are often called the normal flora live within our bodies regularly associated with disease symptoms may benefit the human host live on our bodies
Regularly associated with disease symptoms
Increased human exposure to new and unusual infectious agents in areas that are undergoing ecologic changes accounts for the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. lack of natural resistance to infectious disease emergence of new infectious diseases debate over the use of vaccines development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria increased incidence of smallpox
Emergence of new infectious diseases
Mad cow disease is caused by a prion, which is an infectious \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. sugar protein piece of RNA piece of DNA lipid
protein
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics has __________.
directly caused mutations in humans that make them allergic to the antibiotic
caused viruses to become resistant to a variety of antibiotics
selected for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and increased their frequency in both the hospital environment and the community
caused bacteria to become resistant to household disinfectants, such as chlorine bleach
caused bacteria to acquire virulence factors and become more deadly
selected for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and increased their frequency in both the hospital environment and the community.
Anton van leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microbes?
True
the theory of biogenesis is the same as the theory of spontaneous generation
false
The Golden Age of Microbiology began with the work of Louis Pasteur and ended with the discovery of HIV
False
In the nomenclature system designed by carl Linnaeus, each living organism is assigned two names
True
