Chapter 1 Flashcards
A Roman silver or bronze coin equal to 1/4 of a denarius
Sesterce
A Roman name for the small pieces of glass, stone and other materials that go into a mosaic
Tessarae
Having one color though there may be multiple values
Monochromatic
The lightness or darkness of a color
tints have white added to them
shades have black added to them
Value
Color
Hue
The edge of a shape or form
Contour
To use one thing to represent another
especially material things to represent abstract
Symbolize
Reduced to basic parts by eliminating all but essential detail
Simplified
Art which is identifiable though the appearance of the object has been changed in someway
Abstract
The way parts of a picture are arranged
Composition
A satisfying visual equilibrium between the left and right halves of the artwork
Balance
Using the contrast of value to create an illusion of 3-D form
Shading
A movement of the body to express a thought; a line that describes that motion
Gesture
Seen from the front
Frontal
To show or emphasize differences
Contrast
A portrait that exaggerates distinctive features or peculiarities for humorous purposes
Caricature
The underground burial areas used by Christians and Jews
Catacombs
Mosaic artisans applied-and roughened the surface some more. When it dried, he applied a–
Plaster, second coat
The artist drew a-on the second layer for-purposes
Sketch, planning
Walls were built of-that had been-and-together
Stone, shaped, cemented
Why were the walls left rough?
So that the mosaic could stick to them
The artist applied a third layer in–sections and applied the colored-,-, fired-or-of-into it
1 foot, glass, marble, Clay, mother, pearl
Tessarae is usually made from
Sheets of colored, hardened glass, cut into many small pieces
The artist used smaller pieces in the details like-and-and use the larger pieces to fill in-and–
Faces, hands, clothes, plain backgrounds
The artist started with the-and then filled in the-
Contour, inside
Designers kept-and also got many-from-books whose-he copied
Sketchbooks, ideas, manuscript, illustrations
Mosaic artist often used familiar-so that he could work directly on the-without having to refer to any-
Stories, wall, source
After Christ’s death, the church went through a time of
Persecution
Jews harassed-, while the Romans did not-… Then the Romans started to blame-for their–problems
Christians, care, Christians, weakening Empire
From 250 A.D. on, a lot of pagan thoughts became popular and Christians were
Executed
Decius
First Roman to be killed by a foreign emperor.
He was overthrown by Constantine
Diocletian
First Roman emperor to willingly resign.
He hated Christians
Constantine
Issued edict of Milan, legalizing Christianity.
First emperor known to be Christian
During the time of persecution, much art was created in the
Catacombs
Christians also carved in stone caskets
Sarcophagi
Also did small–and other things for-adornment
Portable furniture, personal
Several groups built–, but violent mobs destroyed them under Diocletian’s rule from 303 to 311. Began when Christianity was-.
Christian churches, legalized
The early church age ended when the church split into-branches
Two
East a.k.a.
Orthodox
West a.k.a.
Catholic
The branches the church split into are called
East, orthodox
West, Catholic
One of the earliest churches remains
And where
Santa Maria Maggiore
Rome Italy
Where is the Santa Maria Maggiore located
Rome Italy
The Santa Maria Maggiore was-between 352 and 366 A.D
Built
The Santa Maria Maggiore was-between 432 and 440 A.D
Restored
The Santa Maria Maggiore originally had-separate pictures showing scenes from the lives of Abraham, Jacob, Moses, and Joshua
Now?
42
27 still exist
The purpose of these mosaics was
Instructional
like illustrations in a textbook
Mosaics have been used since
3,000 BC
What were the four qualities of art in the early church age
Conventionalism
Symbolism
Reserve
Joyousness
Conventionalism
Work does not represent things as they are seen, but for an idea they reflect
deeper meaning
Symbolism
Objects represent something abstract
example: red hearts for Valentine’s Day
Reserve
Feared that a representation of God would become an idol so they use symbols instead
Joyousness
Always expressed joy, even when going through hard times
example: martyrs shown lifting up hands in prayer with “in peace” written on them
Most mosaics in early Christian churches were placed high on the wall under the
Clerestory windows
Viewers saw the mosaics from-so details had to be large enough to-it from a great distance
Below, communicate
In our age we need to try to use-,-,-,–, and-to communicate–just like they used mosaics
Art, photography, painting, computer art, videos, eternal truth
