Chapter 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

scientific study of life

• living things and systems
• multidisciplinary science
• organized discipline

Question 2

Living things are

Answer 2

-highly ordered/organized
on a structured-hierarchical levels
-use energy to create order

Question 3

The study of life

Answer 3

extends from the microscopic scale of molecules and cells to the global scale of the entire living planet

Question 4

The hierarchy of life

Answer 4

Extends through many levels of biological organization and ranges from large and complex (ecosystem) to small and complex (cell)

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

very large and complex thing (planet, water, all living and non-living things)

Question 6

Ecosystesms

Answer 6

combo of living and nonliving things living in community (close proximity) to one another

Question 7

Communities

Answer 7

living things interacting with other living things

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

more specific organizations

Question 9

Viruses

Answer 9

not living

Question 10

Hierarchy of life

Answer 10

biosphere -> ecosystems -> communities -> populations -> organisms -> organs/organ systems -> tissues -> cells -> organelles -> molecules (-> atoms)

Question 11

Dynamics of an ecosystem

Answer 11

1) Cycling of nutrients
in which materials acquired by plants eventually return to the soil

2) Flow of energy
from sunlight to producers and then to consumers
(starts with the sun)
sunlight -> chemical energy -> stored -> another organism eat plant
-sunlight excites e- in plant, generating energy
-plants can also make macromolecules are high e-(fat, protein, sugar)

Question 12

Cell

Answer 12

• simplest living thing
• lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life
• can duplicate genetic material (reproduction)
• all enclosed by a membrane
• all use DNA as genetic information

Question 13

Cell Heritable information

Answer 13

Cells contain chromosomes made partly of DNA, the substance of genes,
-which program the cells’ production of proteins and transmit information from parents to offspring

Question 14

DNA heredity

Answer 14

• substance of heredity
• most of what we see are protein
• How is DNA converted into protein?

Question 15

Biological Systems

Answer 15

• more than the sum of their parts
• complicated

four key ingredients of life:
sugar, protein, DNA (nucleotide), fat

Question 16

System

Answer 16

a combination of components that form a more complex organization

Question 17

Due to increasing complexity

Answer 17

new properties emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of biological order

Question 18

Reductionism

Answer 18

involves reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
-“take things apart”

Question 19

virus

Answer 19

nonliving thing

• cannot reproduce on its own
• don’t do metabolism

Question 20

features of “life”

Answer 20

1) Highly Ordered
2) Adaptation - change/modify behavior
3) Responding to environment
4) Reproduction
5) Regulation (i.e. blood flow)
6) Energy/Metabolism
7) Grow and Development

Question 21

The study of DNA structure is an example of reductionism that has led to further study of …

Answer 21

heredity,

• such as the Human Genome Project
• DNA code for humans, have about 25-30 thousand genes

Question 22

3 domains (claids) that life is classified into

Answer 22

1) bacteria
2) archaea
3) eukarya

Question 23

Humans are a part of which domain?

Answer 23

eukarya

cell have a nucleus