Chapter 1 Flashcards
Change in protons
Change in atom
Change in electrons
Change in ion (positive or negative charge)
Change in neutrons
Becomes an isotope
2 types of ions
Cation (+), and anion (-)
Energy level
Represents energy an electron has
Orbital
Region of space where an electron can be found 95% of the time
of electrons in each orbital
1st level: 2 electrons
2nd level: 8 electrons
3rd level: 18 electrons
For energy levels 2 & on, there are 8 valence electrons
Electronegativity
The attraction one atom has for the electrons of another atom. Increases with increase in proton number
Why does electronegativity decrease as you move down the periodic table.
Because the positive nucleus is farther away from the electrons of another atom
Groups correlate to…
Valence electrons (the columns)
Periods relate to…
Rows of the periodic table (tells energy level)
Abiotic
Never been living (rocks, water, air, sunlight)
Dead
Was once living
Biotic
Lived at a point
What are the characteristics of life?
- reproduces (passing on genetic info to offspring)
- metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions in the body)
- catabolism: the breakdown of things (respiration)
- anabolism: the buildup of things (photosynthesis)
- expels waste
- growth (gets bigger) and development (becoming more complex)
- irritability (responds to stimuli)
- will eventually die
- the ability to adopt
- homeostasis (the ability to maintain a stable internal environment)
- genetic material
- cells (if not made up of cells, not living)
