9/30 Flashcards
Top 10 elements in the body by mass
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur Chlorine/sodium Magnesium
Carbohydrates: ratio, suffix, and monomer
2:1 H to O
-Ose
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharide forms
Alpha: OH groups are trans/across
Beta: OH groups are cis/on the same side
Types of 6 Carbon sugars
Pyranose: 6 sided ring
Furanose: 5 sided ring
Glucose + glucose
Maltose
Glucose + fructose
Sucrose (table sugar)
Glucose + galactose
Lactose (milk sugar)
Monosaccharide + monosaccharide
Disaccharide
3-10 sugars
Oligosaccharide
More than 10 sugars
Polysaccharide
Glycosidic Bond
Bond w/ monosaccharide
Types of Polysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides- all of the same monosaccharides
Heteropolysaccharides- not all the same monosaccharides
What is a glucan?
Homopolysaccharides all made of glucose
Important glucans
Glycogen= stored sugar in animals, very branched (alpha 1-4)
Starch= stored sugar in plants
-Amylose=not branched, swirls, less common, found 10-20% of time
-amylopectin= moderately branched, found 80-90% of time (branching 1-6)
Cellulose= cell wall, very rigid b/c of the parallel strands
Chitin=found in exoskeleton of insects
(keep in mind sugar provides energy AND structure)
Functions of proteins
- maintains shape of cell/builds muscle
- enzymes~ speeds up reactions
- involved in DNA regulation (turning genes in and off)
- cell communication
- pigments (eye, hair, skin color, darker pigments means more of that protein)
- antibodies
- is not used for energy (if so, malnourished)
