9/23 Flashcards
Hydronium
H3O(+)
Hydroxide
OH(-)
Equilibrium
Forwards and reverse reaction are occurring at the same rate (but not necessarily the same amounts)
pH
The concentration of hydronium ions
Superposable
When you superimpose one thing on another and it is exactly the same
Chiral
Superimpose mirror images on each other and they are not the same
Isomer
Same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
What are the 2 major types of Isomers?
- constituational: same molecular formula but different connectivity
- stereoisomer: same connectivity but different arrangement of atoms in space
Stereoisomers
- enantiomer: mirror images of each other
- diastereomers: not mirror images of each other
Biological importance of Chirality
The binding specificity of a chiral receptor site for a chiral molecule is usually favorable in one way
Potential energy
Stored energy
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
What are enzymes?
Organic catalysts- reduces activation energy and can be used over and over again
Activation energy
Energy needed to start the reaction
Models of enzymes
Lock and Key model: the shape of the enzyme never changes and enzyme can only work on one substrate
Induced fit model: the substrate induces enzyme to change shape and upon release the enzyme returns to its original shape