Biological molecules/molecules Of Life Flashcards
1
Q
Why is life built on carbon?
A
It has 4 valence electrons so it is very good at bonding
2
Q
Carboxyl
A
-helps form amino acids
3
Q
Carbonyl
A
When carbon is in the middle, it’s a keytone, when at the ends its an aldehyde
4
Q
Methyl
A
Makes some carbons non functional
5
Q
Phosphate
A
Used for energy transfer, found at the end of ATP group, used to build DNA
6
Q
Hydroxyl
A
Makes things polar/dissolve
7
Q
Amino
A
Donates H+ ion and becomes a base, helps form amino bonds
8
Q
Polymers
A
Large macromolecules built through dehydration
9
Q
Dehydration reaction
A
When water is removed, forming a covalent bond
10
Q
Hydrolysis
A
Adding water to break down molecules
11
Q
4 major macro molecules
A
Nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
12
Q
Nucleic acids
A
- built through dehydration
- DNA & RNA
- made up of nucleotides
- carries genetic material and passes it through generations
13
Q
Proteins
A
- Made of amino and carboxyl groups
- huge 3D structure made of attached aminos
- make up almost everything
14
Q
Lipids
A
- Chain of hydrocarbons
- come as saturated (straight) or non saturated (bent because of double bonded carbon)
- made up of one monomer
- make up all cell membranes
- good source of energy
- can be polar
15
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- 3 types, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
- broken down by hydrolysis
- structure depends on the bonds
