chapter 1 - 5 VOCABB (HISTORY 101)

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

a process of slow change and development (change over time)

Question 2

hominids

Answer 2

a primate of a family (hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors

Question 3

charles darwin

Answer 3

formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 4

paleolithic

Answer 4

early phase of the stone age, when primitive stone tools were used

Question 5

foragers

Answer 5

people who hunt and gather food

Question 6

pastoralism

Answer 6

the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock

Question 7

megaliths

Answer 7

a very large stone used in prehistoric cultures as a monument

Question 8

gilgamesh

Answer 8

a legendary sumerian king, the hero of sumerian and babylonian epics

Question 9

mesopotamia

Answer 9

an ancient region in west asia between the tigris and euphrates rivers; now part of iraq

Question 10

city-state

Answer 10

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

Question 11

hammurabi

Answer 11

babylonian king who made babylon the chief mesopotamian kingdom and arranged the laws of mesopotamia and sumeria

Question 12

neolithic

Answer 12

later part of the stone age, when ground or polished stone weapons succeeded

Question 13

Scribes

Answer 13

trained professionals who applied their reading and writing skills to tasks of administration

Question 14

ziggurat

Answer 14

a multistory, mud-brick, pyramid-shaped tower approached by ramps and stairs

Question 15

cuneiform

Answer 15

wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia

Question 16

pharaoh

Answer 16

a ruler in ancient egypt

Question 17

hieroglyphics

Answer 17

picture symbols standing for words, syllables, or individual sounds; used in egypt

Question 18

papyrus

Answer 18

grew only in egypt; used throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on

Question 19

polytheism

Answer 19

the belief that there is more than one god

Question 20

hittites

Answer 20

anatolian people who established a powerful empire in Asia Minor and Syria,

Question 21

hatshepsut

Answer 21

an ancient queen of egypt; when her husband died she claimed the royal title for herself

Question 22

akhenaten

Answer 22

rejected the old gods and initiated a monotheistic worship of the sun-god Aton

Question 23

mycenae

Answer 23

an ancient city in southern Greece; circle of graves were discovered here

Question 24

israel

Answer 24

the land the Israelites occupied

Question 25

monotheism

Answer 25

the belief of one god

Question 26

diaspora

Answer 26

Jews living outside Israel.

the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.

Question 27

phoenicia

Answer 27

an ancient civilization comprised of independent city-states which lay along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea

Question 28

carthage

Answer 28

an ancient city on the coast of North Africa near present-day Tunis. Founded by the Phoenicians

Question 29

nubia

Answer 29

a region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

Question 30

shang

Answer 30

a Chinese dynasty; chinese history begins with the rise of this shang dynasty

Question 31

mandate of heaven

Answer 31

chinese belief that gods granted emperors the right to rule

Question 32

confucius

Answer 32

Chinese philosopher and teacher of ethics; the founder of Confucianism

Question 33

ying/yang

Answer 33

represented the complementary nature of male and female roles in natural order

Question 34

nomands

Answer 34

a person who moves from a temporary place to another in order to find food

Question 35

steppe

Answer 35

a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.

Question 36

scythians

Answer 36

nomads who inhabited the South Eurasian steppes

Question 37

celts

Answer 37

a group of people who were spread across Europe north of the Alps, from present-day hungary to spain and ireland

Question 38

druids

Answer 38

a priest in the ancient celtic religion

Question 39

persia

Answer 39

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Greatand destroyed by Alexander the Great

Question 40

satrap

Answer 40

governor in the ancient Persian empire

Question 41

polis

Answer 41

a city state in ancient Greece

Question 42

hoplites

Answer 42

a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece.

Question 43

hellenes

Answer 43

a greek (native or inhabitant of greek)

Question 44

democracy

Answer 44

the exercise of political power by all free adult males in ancient athens

A system of government in which power is vested in the people

Question 45

herodotus

Answer 45

Greek historian, famous for his History dealing with the causes and events of the wars between the Greeks and the Persians

Question 46

trireme

Answer 46

a sleek fast vessel powered by 170 rowers became the primary warship

Question 47

socrates

Answer 47

a greek philosopher He was accused for corruption of youth and was condemned to death.

Question 48

peloponnesian war

Answer 48

A war between Athens and Spart; sparta won

Question 49

alexander the great

Answer 49

a ruler of greece; As a general, he conquered most of the ancient world, extending the civilization of Greece east to India