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Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Eponym

A

Commemorative name

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2
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups if organs that function together in a coordinated manner.

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3
Q

Embryology

A

The study of early developmental processes

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4
Q

Cytology

A

The study of the internal structure of individual cells

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5
Q

Cells

A

The simplest units of life

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6
Q

Histology

A

The examination of tissues

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7
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform one or more specific functions

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8
Q

Organs

A

Made up of tissues ex: heart, kidney, liver, brain

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9
Q

Human physiology

A

The study of the functions of the human body

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10
Q

Organism

A

The highest level of organization

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

Refers to the existence of a stable internal environment

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12
Q

Homeostatic regulation

A

The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

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13
Q

Auto regulation (intrinsic regulation)

A

Occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental change.

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14
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

Results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system

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15
Q

Receptor

A

A sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

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16
Q

Control center (integration center)

A

Receives and processes the information supplies by the receptor and sends out commands

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17
Q

Effector

A

A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activities either opposes or enhances the stimulus

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18
Q

Set point

A

Desired value

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19
Q

Negative Feedback

A

A way for counteracting an effect

Ex: Thermoregulation

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20
Q

Positive Feedback

A

An initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions

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21
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

An escalating cycle resulting from positive feedback

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22
Q

Disease

A

When one or more characteristics of the internal environment are pushed outside normal limits

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23
Q

State of Equilibrium

A

Exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.

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24
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

When physiological systems function to maintain equilibrium by continually adapting and adjusting

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25
Q

Superficial Anatomy

A

Involves locating structures on or near the body surface

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26
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Hands are at the sides with palms forward and feet together

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27
Q

Anterior View

A

Anatomical position viewed from the front

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28
Q

Posterior View

A

Anatomical position viewed from the back

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29
Q

Supine

A

A person lying in the anatomical position face up

30
Q

Prone

A

A person lying in the anatomical position face down

31
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Formed from imaginary perpendicular lines intersecting at the umbilicus (navel)

32
Q

Anterior

A

The front surface

33
Q

Ventral

A

The belly side

34
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

The back surface

35
Q

Cranial or Cephalic

A

The head

36
Q

Superior

A

Above, at a higher level (toward the head)

37
Q

Caudal

A

The tail (coccyx in humans)

38
Q

Inferior

A

Below, at a lower level

39
Q

Medial

A

Toward the body’s longitudinal axis; toward the midsagittal plane

40
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the body’s longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane

41
Q

Proximal

A

Toward an attached base

42
Q

Distal

A

Away from an attached base

43
Q

Superficial

A

At near or relatively close to the body surface

44
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the body surface

45
Q

Transverse or horizontal

A

Perpendicular to long axis, separates superior and inferior portions of the body, a cut in this plane is called a cross section

46
Q

Sagittal

A

Parallel to long axis, separates right and left portions

47
Q

Midsagittal

A

The plane passes through the midline, dividing the body into right and left sides

48
Q

Parasagittal

A

Cut parallel to the midsagittal plane, separates the body into right and left portions of unequal size

49
Q

Frontal or coronal

A

Separates anterior and posterior portions of the body; coronal usually refers to sections passing through the skull

50
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Everything deep to the chest wall

51
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

All the structures deep to the abdominal and pelvic walls

52
Q

Diaphragm

A

A flat muscular sheet that separates the thoracic cavity and the Abdominopelvic cavity

53
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

54
Q

Viscera

A

The internal organs that are partially or completely enclosed by the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

55
Q

Serous membrane

A

A delicate layer that lines the walls of internal cavities and covers the surface of the enclosed viscera

56
Q

Parietal layer

A

Serous membrane that lines cavity

57
Q

Visceral layer

A

Serous membrane that covers organ

58
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Holds the lungs

59
Q

Mediastinum

A

Separates the left and right pleural cavities

60
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Serous membrane lining that covers the surface of a lung

61
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

A small chamber that surrounds the heart, located in the lower portion of the mediastinum

62
Q

Pericardium

A

The serous membrane associated with the heart

63
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Superior region of the abdominopelvic cavity

64
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Inferior region of the abdominopelvic cavity

65
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

A potential space lined by a serous membrane known as the peritoneum

66
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Covers the mediastinal surface and the inner body wall

67
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Layer covering the heart

67
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Membrane covering the opposing surface of the visceral pericardium

69
Q

What is in the thoracic cavity?

A

Right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum (contains trachea, esophagus, and major vessels), and pericardial cavity

70
Q

What is contained in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity (digestive glands and liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine and most of the large intestine), pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Anatomy (6 decks)

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