Chapter 1 Flashcards
Properties of Life (7)
Living things…
- have order
- process energy (obtain fuel)
- respond to the envrionment (results i movement or behaviors, senses)
- reproduce
- grow and develop
- homeostasis (regulate)
- have evolutionary adaptations (modifications that make organisms suited to way of life, allow diverse roles)
What explains the diversity of life?
Adaptation to different environments
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
What do similar characteristics explain?
The unity of life
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
Unity: all life has same origen
- organisms at a basic level are similar
- cells, DNA, metabolic reactions, embryos
- suggests living things descended from a single cell
What is the process that makes modification (evolution) possible? How?
Natural selection, by increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reporductive success
What does the organization of properties do?
It gives living things emergent properties that are due to the arrangement and interaction of the parts
Emergent Properties
created by the interaction between levels of biological organization and are new, unique characteristics.
Themes of Biology (8)
- The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
- New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy
- Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment
- Life requires energy transfer and transformation
- Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization
- The continuity of life is based on hertiable information in the form of DNA
- Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
- Evolution
levels of biological organization
Biosphere->Ecosystems->Communities->Populations->Organisms->Organs and Organ Systems->Tissues->Cells->Organelles->Molecules
Reductionism
simplifies complex, broad subjects into pieces that are more manageable to study
Why is the cell the basic unit of structure and function?
It is the smallest unit that can perform all functions required for life.
Three domains of life (and organisms included in each)
Bacteria - prokaryotes
Archaea - prokaryotic archaea
Euarya - eukaryotes (plants, fungi, protists, animals)
Mechanism for descent with modification, who thought of it, and how?
Natural selection
Darwin
He noticed that individuals vary in traits and variation is passed on, a population can produce more offspring than can survive, and species are adapted to their environment
Adaptive radiation
Many new species are formed from one common ancestor due to different environmental conditions
Explain how natural selection may result in adaptation
Over time, weak traits in a species will eventually die out and the stronger trait will be far more prevalent, resulting in adaptation
Inductive reasoning
reach a general conclusion by looking at many observations
Deductive reasoning
Taking a general conclusion and breaking it down into parts