Chapter 1 Flashcards
Properties of Life (7)
Living things…
- have order
- process energy (obtain fuel)
- respond to the envrionment (results i movement or behaviors, senses)
- reproduce
- grow and develop
- homeostasis (regulate)
- have evolutionary adaptations (modifications that make organisms suited to way of life, allow diverse roles)
What explains the diversity of life?
Adaptation to different environments
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
What do similar characteristics explain?
The unity of life
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
Unity: all life has same origen
- organisms at a basic level are similar
- cells, DNA, metabolic reactions, embryos
- suggests living things descended from a single cell
What is the process that makes modification (evolution) possible? How?
Natural selection, by increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reporductive success
What does the organization of properties do?
It gives living things emergent properties that are due to the arrangement and interaction of the parts
Emergent Properties
created by the interaction between levels of biological organization and are new, unique characteristics.
Themes of Biology (8)
- The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
- New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy
- Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment
- Life requires energy transfer and transformation
- Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization
- The continuity of life is based on hertiable information in the form of DNA
- Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
- Evolution
levels of biological organization
Biosphere->Ecosystems->Communities->Populations->Organisms->Organs and Organ Systems->Tissues->Cells->Organelles->Molecules
Reductionism
simplifies complex, broad subjects into pieces that are more manageable to study
Why is the cell the basic unit of structure and function?
It is the smallest unit that can perform all functions required for life.
Three domains of life (and organisms included in each)
Bacteria - prokaryotes
Archaea - prokaryotic archaea
Euarya - eukaryotes (plants, fungi, protists, animals)
Mechanism for descent with modification, who thought of it, and how?
Natural selection
Darwin
He noticed that individuals vary in traits and variation is passed on, a population can produce more offspring than can survive, and species are adapted to their environment
Adaptive radiation
Many new species are formed from one common ancestor due to different environmental conditions
Explain how natural selection may result in adaptation
Over time, weak traits in a species will eventually die out and the stronger trait will be far more prevalent, resulting in adaptation
Inductive reasoning
reach a general conclusion by looking at many observations
Deductive reasoning
Taking a general conclusion and breaking it down into parts
Hypothesis, hypothesis-based reasoning
A potential answer to a well thought-out question.
Reaching a conclusion based on a set of potential hypothesis’
A scientifc hypothesis should be…?
testable and falsifiable
Scientific theory and how differ from a hypothesis
A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. A theory is supported by a lot of evidence and is accepted by most as true.
Science vs. Technology
Science is used to understand natural phenomena, while technology applies scientific knowledge for a specific purpose.
Living things…
- have order
- process energy (obtain fuel)
- respond to the envrionment (results i movement or behaviors, senses)
- reproduce
- grow and develop
- homeostasis (regulate)
- have evolutionary adaptations (modifications that make organisms suited to way of life, allow diverse roles)
Properties of Life (7)
Adaptation to different environments
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
What explains the diversity of life?
The unity of life
(Theme: Diversity and Unity of Life)
Unity: all life has same origen
- organisms at a basic level are similar
- cells, DNA, metabolic reactions, embryos
- suggests living things descended from a single cell
What do similar characteristics explain?
Natural selection, by increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reporductive success
What is the process that makes modification (evolution) possible? How?
It gives living things emergent properties that are due to the arrangement and interaction of the parts
What does the organization of properties do?
created by the interaction between levels of biological organization and are new, unique characteristics.
Emergent Properties
- The cell is an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
- New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy
- Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment
- Life requires energy transfer and transformation
- Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization
- The continuity of life is based on hertiable information in the form of DNA
- Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
- Evolution
Themes of Biology (8)
Biosphere->Ecosystems->Communities->Populations->Organisms->Organs and Organ Systems->Tissues->Cells->Organelles->Molecules
levels of biological organization
simplifies complex, broad subjects into pieces that are more manageable to study
Reductionism
It is the smallest unit that can perform all functions required for life.
Why is the cell the basic unit of structure and function?
Bacteria - prokaryotes
Archaea - prokaryotic archaea
Euarya - eukaryotes (plants, fungi, protists, animals)
Three domains of life (and organisms included in each)
Natural selection
Darwin
He noticed that individuals vary in traits and variation is passed on, a population can produce more offspring than can survive, and species are adapted to their environment
Mechanism for descent with modification, who thought of it, and how?
Many new species are formed from one common ancestor due to different environmental conditions
Adaptive radiation
Over time, weak traits in a species will eventually die out and the stronger trait will be far more prevalent, resulting in adaptation
Explain how natural selection may result in adaptation
reach a general conclusion by looking at many observations
Inductive reasoning
Taking a general conclusion and breaking it down into parts
Deductive reasoning
A potential answer to a well thought-out question.
Reaching a conclusion based on a set of potential hypothesis’
Hypothesis, hypothesis-based reasoning
testable and falsifiable
A scientifc hypothesis should be…?
A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. A theory is supported by a lot of evidence and is accepted by most as true.
Scientific theory and how differ from a hypothesis
Science is used to understand natural phenomena, while technology applies scientific knowledge for a specific purpose.
Science vs. Technology
