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Pharmacology I > Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

A substance used to treat, prevent, or diagnose a Dz in animals

A

Drug

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2
Q

Study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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3
Q

Motion through the body and tissues, whether absorbed or excreted. Indicated the study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

How the body is affected by the drugs

A

Pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

treatment of Dz with medicine

A

Pharmacotherapy

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6
Q

Field of medicine that studies drug used in treatment of Dz

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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7
Q

FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration

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8
Q

Ensues approval of Veterinary medicines

A

FDA

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9
Q

Therapeutic agents derived from living organisms, such as vaccines, antibodies, and toxiods.

A

Biologics

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10
Q

Governed by the USDA

A

Biologics

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11
Q

AMDUCA

A

American Medical Drug Use Clarification Act

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12
Q

Allows Vets to Px extra label use of a drug, used for animals for specific circumstances

A

AMDUCA

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13
Q

ADUFA

A

Animal Drug User Fee Act

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14
Q

Collect subsities of certain animal drug reviews

A

ADUFA

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15
Q

AGDUFA

A

Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act

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16
Q

Study of ways to improve the timeliness and predictability of animal generic drug review process

A

AGDUFA

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17
Q

OTC

A

Drugs purchased ‘Over The Counter’

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18
Q

Drug limited under the supervision of a Vet or Physician

A

Prescription Drug

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19
Q

Relationship between Vet/client for which vet assumes responsibility for making clinical judgments regarding the health of the animal/patient and the need for medical Tx and the client agrees to follow Vet’s instructions

A

Vet/Client/Patient Relationship

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20
Q

Drug used in a manner not specifically described on the FDA approved label

A

Extra-label

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21
Q

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank

A

FARAD

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22
Q

considered dangerous b/c of their potential for human abuse or misuse

A

Controlled Substance

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23
Q

DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Act

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24
Q

Enforces control of controlled substances through the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (Controlled Substance Act)

A

DEA

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25
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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26
Q

Development and approval of Topical Pesticides

A

EPA

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27
Q

Studies preformed to see if drug produces the intended effects and whether it has toxic properties

A

Preliminary Studies

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28
Q

Preformed on lab animals to determine safety and effectiveness of the drug

A

Preclinical Studies

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29
Q

Ability to produce cancer

A

Carcinogenicity

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30
Q

Capacity to cause birth defects

A

Tetratogenicity

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31
Q

INAD

A

Investigational New Animal Drug

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32
Q

EUP

A

Experimental Use Permit

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33
Q

Used for Pesticides

A

EUP

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34
Q

APHIS

A

Animal and Plant health inspection services

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35
Q

Used for Biological

A

APHIS

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36
Q

Conducted on Target Species and are done to evaluate the drug’s safety and effectiveness in that species

A

Clinical Trials

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37
Q

Shows how long drug remains stable and effective for use

A

Shelf-life

38
Q

NADA

A

New Animal Drug Application

39
Q

Occurs hours following a test dose

A

Short Term Tests

40
Q

Typically run for 3 months to 24 months of repeated dosing, to check animal’s organ system for toxicity damage

A

Long Term Tests

41
Q

Tests done to determine reproductive effects, both short and long term

A

Special Tests

42
Q

To determine the dose at which the drug does organ or tissue damage, whether injury or death

A

toxicity evaluation

43
Q

Intensity of effect measured on a subjective scale (1-3 or 1-10)

A

Parameters

44
Q

Produces adverse reactions may prompt the manufacturer to terminate drug testing

A

Short term Toxicity test

45
Q

Dose of drug that causes desired effect

A

Effective Dose

46
Q

Dose of drug that is toxic or lethal to 50% of tested individuals

A

Lethal Dose

47
Q

Important test to determine Toxicity phase

A

Margin of Safety

48
Q

The drug dosage or dose that produces desired effect with minimal or no sign of toxicity

A

Margin of Safety/Therapeutic Index

49
Q

A test of drug’s effect on a particular physiological system; evaluates toxicity as they effect specific body systems

A

Systems Oriented Screen

50
Q

Run any where from 3 months to 2 years, to prevent disastrous consequences of drug therapy

A

Long term toxicity/Chronic Studies

51
Q

Range of a drug is the drug concentration in the body that produces desired effect in the animals with minimal or no sign of toxicity

A

Therapeutic Range

52
Q

Small sterile prefilled glass containers containing medication for injection

A

Ampules

53
Q

Mixture of 2 immiscible liquids one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets

A

Emulsion

54
Q

Incapable of mixing liquids

A

Immiscible

55
Q

Concentrated mass of pharmaceutical prepartaion

A

Bolus

56
Q

An injectable in a substance that delays absorption

A

Repository/Depot Preparation

57
Q

Administered to the animal by breathing in the drug to Respiratory Tract

A

Inhalation

58
Q

turned into a gas

A

volatilized

59
Q

turned into a fine spray

A

nebulied

60
Q

medicine that goes on the surface of skin or mucous membranes

A

topical

61
Q

CIDR

A

Controlled Internal Drug Release

62
Q

PRID

A

Progesterone releasing intravaginal devices

63
Q

Drug preps dissolved into liquids that do not settle

A

Solutions

64
Q

undissolved substance dispersed in water; settles

A

Suspension

65
Q

Amount of a drug administered @ one time to achieve desired effect

A

Dose

66
Q

Initial dose of drug given to get the drug concentration in the therapeutic range in a very short period of time

A

Loading Dose

67
Q

Dose of a drug to keep or maintain the drug therapeutic range

A

Maintenance Dose

68
Q

Total amount of drug given in 24 hr

A

Total daily dose

69
Q

Amount of drug given per animal species’ body weight or measure

A

Dosage

70
Q

How frequently the dosage is given

A

Dosage interval

71
Q

Dosage interval + Dosage + Administration Route + Duration of treatment

A

Dosage Regimen

72
Q

Charged, hydrophilic, do not pass through lipid rich cell membranes, mostly injectables

A

Ionized

73
Q

No charge, lipophilic, able to dissolve in phospholipid or fat containing cell membrane

A

Nonionized

74
Q

Molecules are physically taken in or engulfed by cell

A

Pino/Phagocytosis

75
Q

Movement of drug into the blood stream

A

Absorption

76
Q

Degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches the circulation is an important component of absorption

A

Bioavailability

77
Q

Occurs when molecule changes from ionized to nonionized form as it moves from one body compartment to another

A

Ion Trapping

78
Q

Physiological movement of drugs from systemic circulation to tissue

A

Distribution

79
Q

How well the drug is distributed throughout the body based on the concentration of drug in blood

A

Volume of Distribution

80
Q

Metabolism

A

Biotransformation

81
Q

Alters metabolism, enzyme system and hence are known as microsomal enzyme inducers

A

Induce

82
Q

Decreased response to a drug resulting from repetitive use

A

Tolerance

83
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination

84
Q

Amount of drug that can be detected in tissues at specific times after administration of drug ceases

A

Drug Residue

85
Q

with holding period to keep an animal from being sent to market until residue is almost gone and at an acceptable amount

A

Withdrawal Time

86
Q

time required for amount of drug in body to reduce by half

A

Half life

87
Q

point at which drug accumulation and elimination are balanced

A

Steady State

88
Q

3D proteins or glycoproteins that are usually located on cell membrane

A

Receptors

89
Q

Strength of binding between drug and receptor

A

Affinity

90
Q

Drug binds to cell receptor and causes action

A

Agonist

91
Q

Drug inhibits or blocks response of a cell when the drug is bound to the receptor

A

Antagonist

Pharmacology I (6 decks)

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