chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of Immunity?
state of protection against foreign antigens
How did the following scientists contribute to Immunology advancement? 1- Greeks 2-Turks 3- Edward Jenner 4- Pasteur 5- Metchnikoff 6- Van Behring & Kilasato 7- Paul Erlich
1- first to record immunity
2- VARIOLATION, inhaled crust of small pox, then were immune to the disease, “attenuation vaccine”
3- Gave a child cowpox, then small pox, child immune to small box
4- Came up with the term VACCINATION, similar to Jenner but injected sheep with heat killed anthrax, then virulent anthrax, immune to it.
5- theorised that immunity was done by special cells, cell mediated immunity
6- serum contained immune functions, humoral immunity
7- Came up with Clonal Selection, partially correct, thought that a single immune cell contained many different receptors until one matched with an antigen, THEN it would only produce that receptor. WRONG, in reality, each cell has one receptor type, the cell itself is selected for if it complementary to an antigen.
4 major categories of pathogens
fungi, parasite, virus, bacteria
What are PRR’s, and PAMPs, what are their association to each other?
Pattern Recognition Receptors, and Pathogen associated molecular patterns. PRRs recognize PAMPs as foreign.
Draw a diagram of clonal selection, or explain the process of stem cell to expansion.
fuck her right in the pussy
What is Tolerance?
insures that the immune system doesn’t attack host tissue, B and T cells that recognize self are selected against and destroyed.
Compare and contrast Adaptive and Innate Immunity.
How are the two linked?
Innate: fast, none specific, always the same response.
Skin, sebum, mucus layer, PRR’s, antimicrobial peptides, complement, acidity of stomach, phagocytes, inflammation and fever.
adaptive: slow, specific, MEMORY, B/T cells
Innate sends cytokines to attract APC’s that will eventually activate T helpers.
