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Oral Pathology > Chapter 1&2 Vocab and Objectives > Flashcards

Chapter 1&2 Vocab and Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

A circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister

A

bulla

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2
Q

) A segmented or lobe that is a part of the whole; these lobes sometimes appear fused together

A

lobule

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3
Q

An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue.

A

macule

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4
Q

A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.

A

papule

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5
Q

attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom.

A

pedunculated

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6
Q

variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus.

A

pustules

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7
Q

describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike.

A

sessile

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8
Q

a small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid.

A

vesicle

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9
Q

: a palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue; it can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface.

A

nodule

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10
Q

the evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area; the descriptive terms for palpation are soft, firm, semifirm, and fluid filled; these terms also describe the consistency of a lesion.

A

palpation

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11
Q

red, pink, salmon, white, blue-black, gray, brown and black are the words used most frequently to describe the colors of oral lesions; they can be used to identify specific lesions and may also be incorporated into general descriptions.

A

colors

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12
Q

An abnormal redness of the mucosa or gingiva

A

erythema

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13
Q

a clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular red and velvety patch.

A

erythroplakia

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14
Q

a clinical term for a white plaquelike lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.

A

leukoplakia

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15
Q

paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues

A

pallor

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16
Q

): one-hundredth of a meter; equivalent to a little less than one-half inch (0.393 inch)

A

centimeter

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17
Q

one-thousandth of a meter (a meter is equivalent to 39.3 inches); the periodontal probe is of great assistance in documenting the size or diameter of a lesion that can be measured in millimeters (general terms such as small, medium or large are sometimes used, but these terms are not as specific)

A

millimeter

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18
Q

wrinkled

A

corrugated

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19
Q

cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth

A

fissure

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20
Q

resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters (like a wart)

A

papillary

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21
Q

terms used to describe the surface texture of a lesion

A

smooth, rough, folded

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22
Q

the process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

A

coalescence

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23
Q

describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical

A

diffuse

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24
Q

: describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion

A

multilocular

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25
Q

a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as

A

resembling soap bubbles

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26
Q

often presents as a multilocular, radiolucent lesion

A

an odontogenic keratocyst

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27
Q

describes the black or dark areas on a radiograph; less dense tissue such as the pulp is seen as a radiolucent structure:

A

radiolucent

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28
Q

terms used to describe a mixture of light and dark areas within a lesion, usually denoting a stage in the development of the lesion

A

radiolucent and radiopaque

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29
Q

for example, in a stage I periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (cementoma), the lesion is

A

radiolucent

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30
Q

in stage II periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (cementoma)it is

A

radiolucent and radiopaque

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31
Q

describes the light or white area on a radiograph that results from the inability of radiant energy to pass through the structure; the denser the structure, the lighter or whiter it appears on the radiograph.

A

radiopaque

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32
Q

observed radiographically when the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped

A

root resorption

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33
Q

occurs as a response to stimuli, which can include a cyst, tumor, or trauma

A

root resorption

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34
Q

arises from tissues outside the tooth such as the periodontal ligament

A

external resorption

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35
Q

triggered by pupal tissue reaction from within the tooth

A

internal resorption

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36
Q

a radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament

A

scalloping around the root

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37
Q

having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined, as in a simple radicular cyst

A

unilocular

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38
Q

: term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent

A

well circumscribed

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39
Q

the diagnosis is based on what the clinician can actually see. The decision is made based upon the clinician’s knowledge and by using palpation, observing the color, shape, location and history of the lesion.

A

clinical

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40
Q

the diagnosis is based on what is seen in a radiograph. Clinical and historical information can be used to help aid a radiographic diagnosis, but the radiograph provides the majority of the information needed to make the diagnosis.

A

radiographic

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41
Q

: the diagnosis is based on history of the lesion, such as how long it has been there, and size and shape change. Personal, family, medical and dental history can also be helpful in a historical diagnosis, as well as drug history.

A

historical

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42
Q

Blood chemistry (WBC/RBC count), urinalysis, and other clinical lab tests are used to provide information for the diagnosis.

A

laboratory

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43
Q

diagnosis is based on the microscopic examination of a biopsy.

A

microscopic

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44
Q

: A surgical procedure, such as exploratory surgery, or even surgery for another reason, can provide evidence and information for the diagnosis.

A

surgical

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45
Q

The diagnosis is based on trial and error through therapeutic treatments or drugs. Therapeutic diagnosis can be used correspondingly with clinical and historical information.

A

therapeutic

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46
Q

The diagnosis is based on an educated guess, using data collection, medical and dental histories, lesion history, clinical evaluation, and microscopy reports. Differential diagnosis is based on putting together the information from the other seven diagnostic categories to make a diagnosis.

A

differential

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47
Q

: tiny yellow lobules in clusters usually distributed over buccal mucosa or vermilion border.

A

fordyce granules

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48
Q

exophytic growth of normal compact bone; seen in the midline of hard palate. Can have various shapes and sizes and may be lobulated, and covered by normal soft tissue

A

torus palatinus

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49
Q

outgrowths of normal dense bone found on lingual aspect of mandible in premolar area above the mylohyoid ridge. Usually bilateral, often lobulated or nodular, and can appear fused together.

A

mandibular tori

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50
Q

prominent lingual veins observed on the ventral and lateral surfaces of tongue; red-to-purple enlarged vessels or clusters are seen.

A

lingual varicosities

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51
Q

flat or slightly raised erythematous, rectangular area anterior to the circumvallate papillae.

A

median rhomboid glossitis

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52
Q

Erythematous, depapillated areas with white borders; occasionally complains of burning discomfort.

A

geographic tongue

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53
Q

Describes geographic tongue that is found on mucosal surfaces not on the tongue.

A

ectopic geographic tongue

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54
Q

Deep fissures or grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

fissured tongue

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55
Q

Elongated filiform papillae that gives a “hairy” appearance. Can be black, white or yellow

A

hairy tongue

56
Q

Describe the clinical and histologic differences between leukoedema and linea alba.

A

The clinical features of linea alba is an anterior-posterior white line, while the clinical features of leukodema is a gray-white film giving buccal mucosa an opalescent quality.
The histologic features of linea alba is epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, while the histologic features of leukodema is intracellular edema and acanthosis of the epithelium.

57
Q

Discuss the two risk types of human papillomavirus covered in this chapter

A

HPV associated with squamous cell carcinoma are high risk

HPV causing verruca vulgaris (the common wart) are low risk

58
Q

after arriving at a differential diagnosis, information from what category will best establish a final or definitive diagnosis

A

microscopic

59
Q

descriptive term that would best be used for a freckle

A

macule

60
Q

which term describes the base of a lesion that is stalklike

A

pedunculated

61
Q

clinical diagnosis can be used to determine the final or definitive diagnosis of all except

A

fordyce granules
NOT unerupted supernumerary teeth
mandibular tori
geographic tongue

62
Q

radiographic diagnosis would contribute to the definitive diagnosis of all except

A

internal resorptions
periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
odontomas
NOT a retained deciduous tooth

63
Q

to determine the presence of blood dyscrasias, which of the following would provide the most definitive information?

A

laboratory blood tests

64
Q

when an antifungal ointment or cream is used to treat suspected angular chelitis, which one of the following diagnostic categories is being used

A

therapeutic

65
Q

yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands commonly observed on the buccal mucosa and evaluated through clinical diagnosis are most likely

A

fordyce granules

66
Q

a slow-growing, bony hard exophytic growth on the midline of the hard palate is developmental and hereditary in origin. The diagnosis is determined through clinical evaluation. you suspect

A

torus palatinius

67
Q

the “white line” observed clinically on the buccal mucosa that extends from anterior to posterior along the occlusal plane is

A

linea alba

68
Q

which one of the following occurs as an erythematous area, is devoid of filiform papillae, is oval to rectangular in shape, and is on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

median rhomboid glossitis

69
Q

which diagnostic category would the dental hygienist most easily apply to the preliminary evaluation of oral lesions

A

clinical

70
Q

examples of exotoses are found on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the area of the premolars. they are benign, bony hard, and require no treatment. radiographically, appearing radiopaque areas and are often bilateral

A

mandibular tori

71
Q

term most often used when describing mandibular tori

A

lobulated

72
Q

condition is a benign anomaly, has a diffuse gray to white opaque appearance on the buccal mucosa, and is most commonly seen in adult black individuals

A

leukoedema

73
Q

patient has clinical signs of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Hygienist has patient begin hydrogen peroxide rinses without culturing the bacterial flora. this action applied to what diagnostic category

A

therapeutic

74
Q

a small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated and protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is called

A

papule

75
Q

base of a sessile lesion is

A

broad and flat

76
Q

identification of which one of the following is not determined by clinical diagnosis

A

fordyce granules
tori
NOT compound odontoma
retrocuspid papilla

77
Q

another term for geographic tongue

A

migratory glossitis

78
Q

cause of supernumerary teeth most likely

A

genetic

79
Q

historical diagnosis can include the patients

A

age and sex
family history
medical history

80
Q

condition most often seen on buccal mucosa

A

fordyce granules

81
Q

which is not considered a variant of normal

A

migratory glossitis
white hary tongue
fissured tongue
NOT hairy leukoplakia

82
Q

which cyst is often described as a radiolucency that scallops around the roots of the teeth involved

A

traumatic bone

83
Q

what percentage of erythroplakias is diagnosed as severe epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma?

A

90%

84
Q

best describes number of types of HPV? more than

A

150

85
Q

term best describes leukoplakia

A

clinical

86
Q

a collection of purulent exudate that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue

A

abcess

87
Q

relating to or exhibiting chemical changes produced by radiant energy, especially the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum; relating to exposure to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight

A

actinic

88
Q

a course of disease that is either of short duration or one that is both short and relatively severe

A

acute

89
Q

formation and differentiation of blood vessels

A

fangiogenesis

90
Q

decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, organ, or whole body

A

atrophy

91
Q

describes a lesion that is at the center of an involved area; in the context of oral lesions, it indicates that the lesion is within bone

A

central

92
Q

movement of white blood cells, as directed by biochemical mediators, to an area of injury

A

chemotaxis

93
Q

course of disease persisting for a long time

A

chronic

94
Q

a nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that becomes elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection

A

c-reactive protein

95
Q

an abnormal sac or cavity lined by epithelium and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue

A

cyst

96
Q

the dissolution or destruction of a cell

A

cytolysis

97
Q

excess plasma or exudate in the interstitial space that results in tissue swelling

A

edema

98
Q

the passage of white blood cells through the walls of small blood vessels and into injured tissue

A

emigration

99
Q

the process of being covered with epithelium

A

epithelialization

100
Q

redness of the skin or mucosa

A

erythema

101
Q

fluid with a high protein content that leaves the microcirculation during an inflammatory response

A

exudate

102
Q

exudate consists of serum that contains

A

white blood cells, fibrin, and other protein molecules

103
Q

elevation of body temperature to greater than the normal level of 37degreesC (98.6degreesF)

A

fever

104
Q

formation of fibrous tissue, as normally occurs in healing

A

fibroplasia

105
Q

an abnormal passage that leads from an abscess to the body surface

A

fistula

106
Q

initial connective tissue formed in healing

A

granulation tissue

107
Q

collection of macrophages usually surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes

A

granuloma

108
Q

excess of blood within blood vessels in a part of the body

A

hyperemia

109
Q

an enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the number of normal cells; the result of increased cell division

A

hyperplaisa

110
Q

an enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the size of its individual cells, but not in the number of cells

A

hypertrophy

111
Q

nonspecific response to injury that involves the microcirculation and its blood cells

A

inflammation

112
Q

temporary increase in number of white blood cells circulating in blood

A

leukocytosis

113
Q

disease process that is confined to a limited location in the body; not general or systemic

A

local

114
Q

abnormal enlargement of lymphnodes

A

lymphadenopathy

115
Q

second type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of injury; it participates in phagocytosis during inflammation and continues to be active in the immune response

A

macrophage

116
Q

process during inflammation in which white blood cells tend to move to the periphery of the blood vessel at the site of injury

A

margination

117
Q

small blood vessels, including arterioles, capillaries, and venules

A

microcirculation

118
Q

a fibroblast that has some of the characteristics of smooth muscle cells, such as the ability to contract

A

myofibroblast

119
Q

pathologic death of one or more cells, or a portion of tissue, or an organ that results from irreversible damage to cells

A

necrosis

120
Q

first white blood cell to arrive at a site of injury; primary cell involved in acute inflammation; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

A

neutrophil

121
Q

process of becoming opaque

A

opacification

122
Q

enhancement of phagocytosis by a process in which a pathogen is marked, with opsonins, for destruction by phagocytes

A

opsonization

123
Q

adherence of white blood cells to blood vessel walls during inflammation

A

pavementing

124
Q

located away from the center; in the context of oral lesions, peripheral indicates that the lesion is within the gingival tissue or alveolar mucosa

A

peripheral

125
Q

ingestion and digestion of particulate materials by cells

A

phagocytosis

126
Q

secretion containing or forming pus

A

purulent

127
Q

pertaining to the root of a tooth

A

radicular

128
Q

process by which injured tissue is replaced with tissue identical to that present before the injury

A

regeneration

129
Q

restoration of damaged or diseased tissues by cellular change and growth

A

repair

130
Q

secretion having a watery consistency; relating to serum

A

serous

131
Q

pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole; a disease process pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole

A

systemic

132
Q

fluid component of blood that normally passes through the endothelial cell walls of the microcirculation

A

transudate

133
Q

disease process that results from injury that causes tissue damage

A

traumatic injury

134
Q

ring of lymphatic tissue formed by the two palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, the lingual tonsil, and intervening lymphoid tissue

A

waldeyer’s ring

135
Q

clinical localized signs of inflammation

A

redness (erythema) and heat
swelling
pain
loss of normal tissue function

136
Q

systemic clinical sings of inflammation

A

fever
leukocytosis
lyphadenopathy
elevated c-reactive protein

137
Q

what is the body’s initial response to injury

A

the inflammatory response

Oral Pathology (7 decks)

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