Chapter 1 & 2 Homework

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

The ability for an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external environment

Question 2

Describe as simple homeostatic process in the body that illustrates must balance of a regulated variable in a dynamic steady state

Answer 2

Water regulation water in equals water out the mass balance is a dynamic steady state

Question 3

Describe or diagram an example of the negative feedback physiological response loop and you can each of the parts that make up the loop (7 steps)

Answer 3

Stimulus
 sensor 
input signal 
integrating center 
output signal 
target 
response

Negative feedback loop the response turns off the stimulus

Question 4

Explain how your example would change if it were a positive feedback loop

Answer 4

In positive feedback loop the stimulus reinforces the response, the water will continue to get warm without turning off

Question 5

João and Ana we’re having discussion about their body mass index Joe complain that when he was 19 years old he could eat pizza all the time and never put on weight now that he’s 38 no matter how hard he tries dieting and exercise his body always wants to return to being slightly overweight. Ana on the other hand says that hers hasn’t changed at all what gives? Using the concept of setpoints hypothesize an explanation of the differences João and Ana are experiencing now and throughout their lives

Answer 5

Setpoint is lower because of age genetics gender and overall activity. They both have different set points and it seems that João has a higher setpoint now this could be due to his lifestyle genetics activity age and gender. The theory of settling process takes all of these factors into consideration after they are fine-tuned and settle into an equilibrium with the environment this factors are different for and and therefore they make different settling points because of the factors.

Question 6

A group of students were asked why do we shiver when we’re cold? Categorize each of their answers: it produces warmth by making the air next to our skin vibrate.
Because it keeps us warm.
It’s our body knows it’s time to go inside for a cup of hot cocoa.
When muscles contract he is one of products of glucose oxidation.

Answer 6

Mechanistic
Teleological
Teleological
Mechanistic 

Question 7

In the guppy experiment list the dependent and independent variables in this experiment

Answer 7

The dependent variable that changes would be the length

The independent variable that does not change would be the day

Question 8

Grassy data with x and Y axis labeled

Answer 8

X axis is horizontal

y axis is vertical

Question 9

Explain what served as the control in this experiment

Answer 9

There is no control a second group would be a control group if there were no changes to the diet

Question 10

I’m briefly explain the relationship between polarity solubility and interactions with water molecules

Answer 10

In order for some thing to be soluble in water it must be a polar molecule. Water is polar and therefore a polar dissolves polar.

Question 11

Protein

Answer 11

Composed of monomers (amino acid) which are defined by there R group

Question 12

Phospholipid

Answer 12

Water insoluble molecule that make up a cell membrane

Question 13

Steroid

Answer 13

Characterized by having four fused carbon rings

Question 14

Nucleotide

Answer 14

Made of phosphate groups, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Monomer of dna

Question 15

Carbohydrate

Answer 15

 typically follows the chemical formula CNH2NON

Question 16

Induced fit

Answer 16

Ability of a proteins to alter its shape after binding to a ligand 

Question 17

Specificity

Answer 17

Ability of a protein to bind to one ligand but not another

Question 18

Saturation

Answer 18

Point at which the maximal interaction with a ligand occurs

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

Loss of a proteins 3-D shape and function by its unfolding

Question 20

Affinity

Answer 20

Variable strength of attraction a protein has with the ligand

Question 21

Based on the graph which pH level does hemoglobin have the highest affinity for oxygen

Answer 21

7.6 ph because at a higher pH hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen

Question 22

Briefly explain the relationship of PH and hydrogen and how small changes in pH reflect a large change in hydrogen

Answer 22

The pH scale is based on hydrogen in solution when pH scale goes down the number of hydrogen grows exponentially therefore a small change in pH can create a large change in hydrogen

Question 23

The blood pH level of 7.2 and 7.6 shown in the graph are only sustainable for short periods of time. What terms describe these conditions and what is the normal range of blood pH?

Answer 23

7. 2 acidosis
8. 6 alkalosis

Normal range 7.4 +- 0.05 ph