Chapter 1/2

Question 1

Liberal feminist theory

Answer 1

A view of crime that suggests that the social and economic role of women in society controls their crime rates.

Question 2

How behavior plays a part in criminology

Answer 2

Human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict

Crime is a product of human conflict

Question 3

Developing Theories of Crime Causation

Answer 3

the 3 theories include Psychological, Biological, Sociological

Question 4

Self-Reporting

Answer 4

Data collected from local surveys.
Includes nonreported crimes, substance abuse and personal info of offenders
but rely on honest of offenders.
anonymous/groups

Question 5

Criminology

Answer 5

The scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

Question 6

Positivism

Answer 6

social science that uses the scientific method and suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological, psychological or economic forces that can be measured

Question 7

Social Process Theory

Answer 7

Social process theory views criminality as a function of people’s interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society
children learn to commit crime by observing and interacting with others whom they admire

Question 8

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 8

a collection of 282 rules, established standards for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice

Question 9

Classical Criminology

Answer 9

The classical view in criminology explains crime as a free-will decision to commit the crime and that crime can be controlled if potential criminals fear punishment.

Question 10

when does a deviant act become a crime

Answer 10

A deviant act becomes a crime when it is deemed socially harmful or dangerous; it then will be specifically defined, prohibited, and punished under the criminal law

Question 11

Structural perspective and crime rates

Answer 11

Social structure theories suggest people’s places in the socioeconomic structure influence their chances of becoming a criminal.
EX: Poor people are more likely to commit crimes because they are unable to achieve monetary or social success in any other way.

Question 12

The consensus view of crime

Answer 12

implies consensus (agreement) among citizens on what should and should not be illegal. 
This idea implies that all groups come together, regardless of social class, race, age, gender, and more, to determine what should be illegal.

Question 13

penology

Answer 13

the study of the punishment of crime and of prison management.
Rehabilitation
Social control

Question 14

Conflict view of crime

Answer 14

The belief that criminal behavior is defined by those in power in such a way as to protect and advance their own self-interest.

Question 15

Deterence

Answer 15

Specific: prevents crime by frightening an individual
General: frightening the public

Question 16

misdemeanors vs felony

Answer 16

Felonies: The most serious grade of crime; usually includes possibility of prison sentence.
Misdemeanors: Offenses that carry punishment of a degree less than felonies.
Usually misdemeanor crimes do not involve prison sentences.

Question 17

criminal penality

Answer 17

Any criminal sentence, penalty or fine or similar Liability imposed upon any Person for such Person’s actions, omissions or violations.

Question 18

chronic offenders

Answer 18

individuals who frequently or persistently violate criminal laws.

Question 19

Aging out

Answer 19

All statistics show a gradual decline of offending with growing age—for males as well as for females. The older they get, the more offenders tend to desist from criminal activities. Eventually almost all will settle down. This is called the aging out effect.

Question 20

Uniform Crime Reporting

Answer 20

official data on crime in the United States, published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Question 21

UCR and law enforcement practices

Answer 21

The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program generates reliable statistics for use in law enforcement.
Compiled by FBI

Question 22

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Answer 22

the nation’s primary source of information on criminal victimization.

Question 23

PART I OFFENSE: INDEX CRIMES

Answer 23

Serious Crimes
murder, rape, aggravated assault, robbery,
burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, human trafficking – commercial sex acts, and human trafficking – involuntary servitude.

Question 24

PART II OFFENSE

Answer 24

Less Serious Crimes
Other assaults (simple)―Assaults and attempted assaults where no weapon was used or no serious or aggravated injury resulted to the victim. Stalking, intimidation, coercion, and hazing are included.

Question 25

High crime rate cities and areas of the country

Answer 25

Large city areas have higher rates of violence

Question 26

Human Trafficking origin countries

Answer 26

Southeast Asia, eastern Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa

Question 27

human trafficking destination countries

Answer 27

Europe, the Middle East, North America and some countries in East Asia and the Pacific are destinations for trafficking victims from a wide range of origins.

Question 28

Time of year and the maximization of police resources

Answer 28

Most reported crimes occur during summer months. | Weather effects may have an impact on violent crime rates.

Question 29

Victim-precipitated homicide

Answer 29

The victim is a direct, positive precipitator of the incident Victim precipitation is a criminology theory that analyzes how a victim's interaction with an offender may contribute to the crime being committe

Question 30

White-collar crime

Answer 30

Illegal acts that capitalize on a person’s status in the marketplace Theft, embezzlement, fraud, market manipulation, restraint of trade, false advertising

Question 31

Deviant acts can be decriminalized

Answer 31

when penalties are lessened

Question 32

Ethical Issues in Criminology

Answer 32

ensuring impartiality, avoiding profiling, protecting citizens' rights, determining the necessary amount of force to use to restrain arrested suspects, and ensuring that public servants maintain a principled lifestyle outside of work. ENIM AVOPRO PRORIG FORESTAR OUTWORK how what whom

Question 33

anomie

Answer 33

A lack of norms or clear social standards. Because of rapidly shifting moral values, the individual has few guides to what is socially acceptable.

Question 34

interactionist view

Answer 34

The belief that those with social power are able to impose their values on society as a whole, and these values then define criminal behavior.

Question 35

Adult same-sex relations.

Answer 35

in the case of Lawrence v. Texas, where the Supreme Court declared that state laws criminalizing sexual relations between consenting adults, heretofore classified as sodomy, were unconstitutional because they violated the due process rights of citizens because of their sexual orientation

Question 36

How does the NCVS compare to the UCR?

Answer 36

The NCVS is a more accurate measure of crime which occurs in the United States.

Question 37

Human trafficking is usually

Answer 37

intraregional

Question 38

The "Ferguson Effect"

Answer 38

The Ferguson effect suggests that increased public observations of police, usually following a police misconduct incident, leads to de-policing, which could lead to an increase in crime.

Question 39

co-offending

Answer 39

Co-offending is the commission of a crime by more than one person. common in youths

Question 40

The Racial Threat Hypothesis states

Answer 40

as the size of the black population increases, the perceived threat to the white population increases, resulting in a greater amount of social control imposed on African Americans.

Question 41

this is not a Agency of social control

Answer 41

A legislature

Question 42

criminological enterprise subarea of criminal statistics/crime measurement involves WHAT

Answer 42

creating methodologies that are able to accurately measure activities, trends, and patterns in crime.

Question 43

victimization

Answer 43

the action of singling someone out for cruel or unjust treatment. Victimization is the process of being victimized, either from a physical or a psychological or a moral or sexual point of view.

Question 44

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

Answer 44

Program that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest involving 49 specific offenses, including incident, victim, and offender information