Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminology > 9-10 > Flashcards

9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

Latent Trait Theory

A

states that certain people have a personal characteristic that’s responsible for their need to commit crime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

understanding the ways in which people live and the various factors that affect psychological, physical, and social health.
Specifically, how individual’s experiences affect them as they age.

A

Life Course Theorists view of crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Problem Behavior Syndrome

A

an adolescent who exhibits problem behaviors or any risk-taking behavior (e.g. alcohol and drug use, truancy, delinquency) is said to have Problem-Behavior Syndrome (PBS).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Authority Conflict Pathway

A

begins at an early age with stubborn behavior.followed by disobedience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Laub & Sampson’s work/research

A

a turning point in a person’s life course (e.g. marriage, employment) can affect a criminal career.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trajectory Theory

A

assume there is more than one type of criminal and more than one criminal path.

subgroups within a population that follow distinctively different developmental routes toward and away from a criminal career.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

General Theory of Crime

A

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s developmental theory that links crime to impulsivity and a lack of self-control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a life-course learning theory that integrates recent findings in criminology and allied disciplines and recasts them into a new learning framework

A

Social Schematic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Crime and Human Nature Model

A

individual-level factors played a significant role in shaping behavior choices
Wilson and Herrnstein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Filicide

A

Murder of an older child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Economic Compulsive Behavior

A

drug users resort to violence to support their habit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychopharmacological Relationship

A

the direct consequence of ingesting mood-altering substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deliberate Indifference

A

The deliberate indifference standard is met when a person knows of and yet disregards or ignores an excessive risk to another’s health or safety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Instrumental Violence

A

Violence used in a rational, controlled, and purposeful fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rape

A

the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.
involves nonconsensual sexual intercourse inflicted on a female by a male.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hate crime

A

violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Relational Aggression

A

Psychological and emotional abuse that involves the spreading of smears, rumors, and private information in order to harm a partner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cathy Widom Hypothesis

A

a childhood history of physical abuse predisposes the survivor to becoming violent themselves in later years
(cycleof violence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Case of Michigan v. Lewis

A

the Supreme Court upheld the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a prior sexual relationship between the parties did not violate the defendant’s right to a fair trial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Problem Behaviors Examples: Social

A

Family dysfunction Unemployment, Educational underachievement, bad School behaviors (school misconduct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Problem behaviors examples: Environmental

A

High-crime area, Disorganized area, Racism, Exposure to poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Problem behaviors examples: personal

A

Substance abuse, Suicide attempts, Early sexuality, Premature death, Poor health, Sensation seeking, Early parenthood, Accident prone, Medical problem, Mental disease, Anxiety, Eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia)

23
Q

propensity theory

A

suggests that human development is controlled by a master latent trait that remains stable and unchanging throughout a person’s lifetime.

24
Q

population heterogeneity

A

The propensity to commit crime is stable; those who have it continue to commit crime over their life course.

25
Q

state dependence

A

suggests that people change and develop as they mature; life events have a significant influence on future behavior.

26
Q

the view that kids who begin engaging in antisocial behaviors at a very early age are the ones most at risk for a criminal career is known as ________.

A

early onset

27
Q

the causal association between early delinquent offending and later adult deviant behavior involves the quality of relationships encountered at different times in human development

A

age graded theory

28
Q

Which theory holds to the tenet that getting married helps people stay out of trouble?

A

age-graded theory

29
Q

________ is the tendency of prior social problems to produce future ones that accumulate and undermine success.

A

Cumulative disadvantage

30
Q

three views of criminal career development

A

life course theory
trajectory theory
propensity/latent trait theory

31
Q

five classes based on their offending histories

A 
Non-offenders, 
Low-rate adolescence peak offenders, 
Very-low-rate chronic offenders, 
High-rate adolescence peak offenders, 
High-rate chronic offenders
32
Q

covert pathway

A

A path to a criminal career that begins with minor underhanded behavior and progresses to fire starting and theft.

33
Q

overt pathway

A

Pathway to a criminal career that begins with minor aggression, leads to physical fighting, and eventually escalates to violent crime.

34
Q

expressive violence

A

Violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration.

35
Q

eros

A

the life instinct, which drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment

36
Q

criminogenic knowledge structure (cks)

A

negative life events are connected and produce a hostile view of people and relationships

37
Q

Adolescent-limited offenders

A

may be considered typical teenagers who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends.

38
Q

life course persisters

A

they begin their offending career at a very early age and continue to offend well into adulthood

39
Q

systemic link

A

A link between drugs and violence that occurs when drug dealers turn violent in their competition with rival gangs

39
Q

subculture of violence

A

In urban areas, neighborhoods that experience violence seem to cluster together.

39
Q

virility mystique

A

males must separate their sexual feelings from their need for love, respect, and affection.

40
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

a pattern of traits and behaviors that indicate infatuation and fixation with one’s self to the exclusion of all others and the egotistic and ruthless pursuit of one’s own gratification, dominance, and ambition.

41
Q

types of hate crimes

A

Thrill-seeking hate crimes
Reactive (defensive) hate crimes
Mission hate crimes
Retaliatory hate crimes

42
Q

Stalkers use a number of strategies:

A

Surveillance, Life invasion ,Intimidation, Interference through sabotage or attack

43
Q

Substance abuse influences violence in three ways:

A

psychopharmacological relationship
economic compulsive behavior
systemic link

44
Q

Varieties of Forcible Rape

A

Anger rape - expressing and discharging pent-up anger and rage
Power rape-goal is sexual conquest
Sadistic rape-both sexuality and aggression.

45
Q

four types of mass murderers:

A

“Revenge killers”
“Love killers”
“Profit killers”
“Terrorist killers”

45
Q

types of serial killers

A

“Thrill killers” strive for either sexual sadism or dominance
“Mission killers” want to reform the world or have a vision that drives them to kill.
“Expedience killers” are out for profit or want to protect themselves from a perceived threat.

46
Q

In fact, approximately 17 percent of all serial homicides in the United States are committed by women; in contrast, only 10 percent of total murders in the US are committed by women.
African Americans comprise the largest racial minority group among serial killers, representing approximately 20 percent of the total.

A
47
Q

Problem-Behavior Theory

A

problem-behavior as any behavior that causes issues or is seen by society as undesirable

48
Q

Serial Killers

A

a person who kills three or more persons in three or more separate events

49
Q

mass murderer

A

involves the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event

50
Q

spree killer

A

engages in a rampage of violence over a period of days or weeks.

Criminology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions