Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

Describe an endemic species.

Answer 1

A species that lives only in one or a very small number of places.
Example) Island or lake

Question 2

What is a biological adaptation?

Answer 2

an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioural trait of an organism…that increases its expected long-term reproductive success

Question 3

What is the meaning of vestigial?

Answer 3

a component of the body that has been reduced or removed through evolution because it is no longer useful

Question 4

What is a cosmopolitan species?

Answer 4

One that occurs in most regions of the world

Question 5

Name some of the way the marine iguana has adapted for it’s environment.

Answer 5

• laterally flattened tails to assist in swimming
• powerful limbs with strong claws (hold on to rocks)
• blunt noses for grazing on seaweed
  -Salt glands under skin, between eyes &
  nostril on each side of the head (sneezes to remove salt)

Question 6

Explain how the blue-footed booby is adapted for diving into water.

Answer 6

• Streamlined shape, large tail, and nostrils that closed: useful for diving
• large, webbed feet propel the bird through water at high speeds
• specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea
• uropygial gland (for waterproofing)

Question 7

Explain ways the Greater frigates are adapted for aerial life.

Answer 7

• highest ratio of wing span/weight
• tiny unwebbed feet
• vestigial uropygial gland (waterproofing unnecessary)

Question 8

List the Roles of Natural History Museums.

Answer 8

To acquire, conserve, restore, manage & exhibit very important collections
of natural history, living organisms, inert collections and databases

Question 9

Aristotle is the father of ______.

Answer 9

Zoology

Question 10

Theophrastus is the father of ________.

Answer 10

Botany

Question 11

Describe the empirical method.

Answer 11

collection of data on which to base

a scientific theory or derive a conclusion in science

Question 12

Compare deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning

Answer 12

Deductive reasoning:
Detailed predictions are made from universal ideas
Inductive reasoning:
general conclusions are
drawn from specific
observations.

Question 13

True or false? Different organisms live in different parts of the world
with similar types of environments.

Answer 13

True. Polar bears live in the Arctic and Penguins live in Antarctica

Question 14

The scientific method consists of:

Answer 14

(1) Hypothesis
(2) Experiments
(3) Anslyze the data
(4) Conclusions; report or refute the hypothesis

Question 15

What are the seven characteristics of life?

Answer 15

(1) Consists of one or more cells (that contain DNA)
(2) Requires a constant input of energy and raw materials
(3) Conduct metabolism
grow/develop
(4) Exhibit homeostasis
(5) Make short-term responses to stimuli
(6) Reproduce

Question 16

What is the blueprint of life?

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

True or false? Most prokaryotes are unicellular.

Answer 17

True. Exception is Anabaena

Question 18

What are the four types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

(1) Fission (binary & mulitple)
(2) Budding
(3) fragmentation and Regeneration
(4) Pathogenesis (apoximis in plants)

Question 19

Define conjugation

Answer 19

Sexual reproduction; when two organisms fuse along a common surface & exchange genetic material

Question 20

True or false? Some organisms use both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Are viruses living beings?

Answer 21

No, because they do not have a cellular structure, viruses do not reproduce and cannot replicate outside of host.

Question 22

What is a viroid?

Answer 22

Infectious particle of plants

Question 23

What are prions?

Answer 23

non-living proteins, simpler than viruses that lack DNA/RNA and cellular structure