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Aural Rehab > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Audiologic habilitation

A

Remedial efforts with children having hearing loss at birth

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2
Q

Audiologic rehabilitation

A

Efforts to restore lost state or function

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3
Q

Aural rehabilitation

A

Help achieve better communication
Minimize difficulties from hearing loss

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4
Q

Categories of HL

A
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5
Q

Categories of HL

A

Hard of hearing - limited amounts of hearing loss
Deaf - extensive hearing loss

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6
Q

Audiometrically deaf

A

HL measured by PTA or SRT are poorer than 80-90 dB

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7
Q

Deafness described as

A

Functionally an inability to use hearing
To any meaningful extent for
Verbal communication
Independent of audiometric test results

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8
Q

What determines the extent to which normal speech and language will occur in individuals with hearing loss?

A

The age of onset and progression of hearing loss

Age of onset significantly influences language development outcomes.

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9
Q

What is severe hearing loss defined as?

A

Hearing loss that occurs at birth (prelingual)

Prelingual hearing loss greatly affects language development.

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10
Q

What challenges do children with prelingual hearing loss face regarding language development?

A

Difficulties in language development due to lack of access to speech before age 5

Early exposure to language is crucial for development.

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11
Q

What is perilingual hearing loss?

A

Deafness acquired while developing the first language

This type of hearing loss can impact language skills.

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12
Q

How does the duration of normal hearing affect language development in children?

A

The longer the child had normal hearing, the less impact on language development

Early hearing experiences can mitigate later challenges.

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13
Q

What is postlingual hearing loss?

A

Hearing loss that occurs after age 5, when the first language has already been developed

Typically results in less impact on language but affects speech skills and education.

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14
Q

What is the term for individuals who lose their hearing after completing schooling?

A

Deafened

This refers to individuals who lose hearing in late teen years or later.

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15
Q

How do cochlear implants (CIs) affect children with prelingual deafness?

A

Children implanted in the first year will perform equal to or better than postlingual children

Early intervention with CIs can lead to significant improvements.

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16
Q

What is considered the prime channel for learning in regards to hearing?

A

Hearing is the prime channel for learning

Access to sound is essential for effective language acquisition.

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17
Q

What is Auditory Speech Recognition Ability?

A

The ability to understand and identify speech sounds.

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18
Q

What usually predicts the clarity of hearing?

A

The degree of Hearing Impairment Level (HIL).

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19
Q

How does speech recognition decline with hearing loss?

A

It declines from flat to sloping to precipitous configurations.

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20
Q

What is an exception to the trend of speech recognition decline?

A

Phonemic regression due to age and central degeneration.

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21
Q

Define speech discrimination.

A

The ability to judge whether sounds are the same or different.

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22
Q

What does recognition in auditory speech involve?

A

Repeating or identifying a stimulus.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: Speech recognition declines as you go from _______ to sloping to precipitous.

A

flat

24
Q

True or False: Auditory speech recognition ability is unaffected by the configuration of hearing loss.

A

False

25
Q

What impact does clarity of hearing have on auditory speech recognition?

A

It creates significant impact on the ability to recognize speech.

26
Q

What can affect speech recognition in noisy environments?

A

Factors such as background noise and the volume of speech.

27
Q

What is the relationship between age and phonemic regression?

A

Phonemic regression can increase with age and central degeneration.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Speech recognition declines as you go from flat to _______ to precipitous.

A

sloping

29
Q

What is the most devastating effect of hearing loss (HL)?

A

Verbal (oral) communication

This highlights the critical impact of HL on the ability to communicate verbally.

30
Q

How do children with severe profound hearing impairment (HI) typically develop speech and language?

A

They do not typically develop speech and language without intense treatment and technology

This indicates the necessity of intervention for children with severe HI to acquire communication skills.

31
Q

Name three variables that affect the impact of hearing loss.

A
  • Other disabilities (blindness, ID, physical limitations)
  • Intelligence
  • Environmental factors

These variables can exacerbate or mitigate the effects of hearing loss on an individual.

32
Q

What are secondary effects of hearing loss?

A
  • Educational
  • Vocational
  • Psychological
  • Social

Secondary effects can significantly influence the overall quality of life and opportunities for individuals with hearing loss.

33
Q

What was the perception of the deaf community historically?

A

Deaf were thought to be ‘retarded’ and no effort was made to teach them

This reflects a significant misunderstanding of the capabilities of deaf individuals.

34
Q

In which century did the belief that the deaf are capable of learning emerge?

A

1500s

This period marks a shift in the perception of deaf individuals’ learning potential.

35
Q

What is the name of the famous school for the deaf?

A

Gallaudet

Gallaudet University is a prominent institution for higher education for the deaf and hard of hearing.

36
Q

What teaching method was predominantly used for the deaf until the 1800s?

A

Manual approach (sign language)

This method emphasizes the use of sign language for communication and instruction.

37
Q

What methods gained popularity in the 1800s for teaching the deaf?

A

Speech reading and oral methods

These methods focus on using spoken language and visual cues to facilitate communication.

38
Q

What technological advancement in the 1900s influenced the education of the deaf?

A

Electric amplification

This innovation allowed for the use of residual hearing, significantly impacting how deaf individuals could engage with sound.

39
Q

What event significantly contributed to the development of the field of audiology?

A

WWII, due to the need to rehabilitate servicemen with hearing impairment

The demand for audiological services increased as many servicemen returned with hearing issues.

40
Q

What change occurred after 1979 regarding audiologists and hearing aids?

A

It was no longer against the Code of Ethics for Audiologists to dispense hearing aids

This change allowed audiologists to provide more comprehensive services.

41
Q

What percentage of direct hearing aid services do audiologists currently provide?

A

~74%

Audiologists play a significant role in the distribution and fitting of hearing aids.

42
Q

What is the minimum educational requirement for a hearing instrument specialist?

A

High school diploma

Additional training and certification are required to practice as a hearing instrument specialist.

43
Q

How long is the training typically required for a hearing instrument specialist?

A

6 months

This training prepares them to fit hearing aids.

44
Q

What must hearing instrument specialists do to become certified?

A

Pass a test

Certification ensures that they meet the industry standards for fitting hearing aids.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: Hearing aid dispensers can _______.

A

fit hearing aids

This role is distinct from that of audiologists who provide more comprehensive audiological services.

46
Q

What 3 steps incorporate EBP

A
  1. The best available research
  2. Clinical expertise and patient goals
  3. Preference in the care of patients
47
Q

Rehabilitation assessment procedures

A

CORE

48
Q

Communication status (CORE)

A

Auditory, visual, language, manual, communication self-report

49
Q

Overall participation variables (CORE)

A

The impact on psychological, social, vocational, education
Vocational includes position, responsibility and competence

50
Q

Related personal factors (CORE)

A

Affect of treatment plans
Attitude, personality, IQ, age, race, gender

51
Q

4 types of attitude

A

Type I - positive, 2/3-3/4 clients
Type II - most remained of clients. Overall positive but slight complications are present
Type III - negative about rehab but some cooperation
Type IV - reject hearing aids and rehab

52
Q

Management procedures

A

CARE

53
Q

Counseling and psychosocial (CARE

A

Interpretation, information, counseling, acceptance, understanding, expectations, goals

54
Q

Audibility and amplification (CARE)

A

HA, CI, ALD, alerting and warning, tactile, communication, instruction and orientation
Consider ALL forms of amplification.
Followed by adjustment, modification, and alteration of controls and coupler
HIO - hearing instrument orientation - give the client the purpose, function, and maintenance of HA

55
Q

Remediate communication activities (CARE)

A

Tactics to control the situation, realistic expectations, personal skill-building

56
Q

Environmental/coordination/participation improvement (CARE)

A

Situation improvement, vocational, educational, social, communication partner, community context

Aural Rehab (6 decks)

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