Chapter 1 Flashcards
Audiologic habilitation
Remedial efforts with children having hearing loss at birth
Audiologic rehabilitation
Efforts to restore lost state or function
Aural rehabilitation
Help achieve better communication
Minimize difficulties from hearing loss
Categories of HL
Categories of HL
Hard of hearing - limited amounts of hearing loss
Deaf - extensive hearing loss
Audiometrically deaf
HL measured by PTA or SRT are poorer than 80-90 dB
Deafness described as
Functionally an inability to use hearing
To any meaningful extent for
Verbal communication
Independent of audiometric test results
What determines the extent to which normal speech and language will occur in individuals with hearing loss?
The age of onset and progression of hearing loss
Age of onset significantly influences language development outcomes.
What is severe hearing loss defined as?
Hearing loss that occurs at birth (prelingual)
Prelingual hearing loss greatly affects language development.
What challenges do children with prelingual hearing loss face regarding language development?
Difficulties in language development due to lack of access to speech before age 5
Early exposure to language is crucial for development.
What is perilingual hearing loss?
Deafness acquired while developing the first language
This type of hearing loss can impact language skills.
How does the duration of normal hearing affect language development in children?
The longer the child had normal hearing, the less impact on language development
Early hearing experiences can mitigate later challenges.
What is postlingual hearing loss?
Hearing loss that occurs after age 5, when the first language has already been developed
Typically results in less impact on language but affects speech skills and education.
What is the term for individuals who lose their hearing after completing schooling?
Deafened
This refers to individuals who lose hearing in late teen years or later.
How do cochlear implants (CIs) affect children with prelingual deafness?
Children implanted in the first year will perform equal to or better than postlingual children
Early intervention with CIs can lead to significant improvements.
What is considered the prime channel for learning in regards to hearing?
Hearing is the prime channel for learning
Access to sound is essential for effective language acquisition.
What is Auditory Speech Recognition Ability?
The ability to understand and identify speech sounds.
What usually predicts the clarity of hearing?
The degree of Hearing Impairment Level (HIL).
How does speech recognition decline with hearing loss?
It declines from flat to sloping to precipitous configurations.
What is an exception to the trend of speech recognition decline?
Phonemic regression due to age and central degeneration.
Define speech discrimination.
The ability to judge whether sounds are the same or different.
What does recognition in auditory speech involve?
Repeating or identifying a stimulus.
Fill in the blank: Speech recognition declines as you go from _______ to sloping to precipitous.
flat
True or False: Auditory speech recognition ability is unaffected by the configuration of hearing loss.
False
What impact does clarity of hearing have on auditory speech recognition?
It creates significant impact on the ability to recognize speech.
What can affect speech recognition in noisy environments?
Factors such as background noise and the volume of speech.
What is the relationship between age and phonemic regression?
Phonemic regression can increase with age and central degeneration.
Fill in the blank: Speech recognition declines as you go from flat to _______ to precipitous.
sloping
What is the most devastating effect of hearing loss (HL)?
Verbal (oral) communication
This highlights the critical impact of HL on the ability to communicate verbally.
How do children with severe profound hearing impairment (HI) typically develop speech and language?
They do not typically develop speech and language without intense treatment and technology
This indicates the necessity of intervention for children with severe HI to acquire communication skills.
Name three variables that affect the impact of hearing loss.
- Other disabilities (blindness, ID, physical limitations)
- Intelligence
- Environmental factors
These variables can exacerbate or mitigate the effects of hearing loss on an individual.
What are secondary effects of hearing loss?
- Educational
- Vocational
- Psychological
- Social
Secondary effects can significantly influence the overall quality of life and opportunities for individuals with hearing loss.
What was the perception of the deaf community historically?
Deaf were thought to be ‘retarded’ and no effort was made to teach them
This reflects a significant misunderstanding of the capabilities of deaf individuals.
In which century did the belief that the deaf are capable of learning emerge?
1500s
This period marks a shift in the perception of deaf individuals’ learning potential.
What is the name of the famous school for the deaf?
Gallaudet
Gallaudet University is a prominent institution for higher education for the deaf and hard of hearing.
What teaching method was predominantly used for the deaf until the 1800s?
Manual approach (sign language)
This method emphasizes the use of sign language for communication and instruction.
What methods gained popularity in the 1800s for teaching the deaf?
Speech reading and oral methods
These methods focus on using spoken language and visual cues to facilitate communication.
What technological advancement in the 1900s influenced the education of the deaf?
Electric amplification
This innovation allowed for the use of residual hearing, significantly impacting how deaf individuals could engage with sound.
What event significantly contributed to the development of the field of audiology?
WWII, due to the need to rehabilitate servicemen with hearing impairment
The demand for audiological services increased as many servicemen returned with hearing issues.
What change occurred after 1979 regarding audiologists and hearing aids?
It was no longer against the Code of Ethics for Audiologists to dispense hearing aids
This change allowed audiologists to provide more comprehensive services.
What percentage of direct hearing aid services do audiologists currently provide?
~74%
Audiologists play a significant role in the distribution and fitting of hearing aids.
What is the minimum educational requirement for a hearing instrument specialist?
High school diploma
Additional training and certification are required to practice as a hearing instrument specialist.
How long is the training typically required for a hearing instrument specialist?
6 months
This training prepares them to fit hearing aids.
What must hearing instrument specialists do to become certified?
Pass a test
Certification ensures that they meet the industry standards for fitting hearing aids.
Fill in the blank: Hearing aid dispensers can _______.
fit hearing aids
This role is distinct from that of audiologists who provide more comprehensive audiological services.
What 3 steps incorporate EBP
- The best available research
- Clinical expertise and patient goals
- Preference in the care of patients
Rehabilitation assessment procedures
CORE
Communication status (CORE)
Auditory, visual, language, manual, communication self-report
Overall participation variables (CORE)
The impact on psychological, social, vocational, education
Vocational includes position, responsibility and competence
Related personal factors (CORE)
Affect of treatment plans
Attitude, personality, IQ, age, race, gender
4 types of attitude
Type I - positive, 2/3-3/4 clients
Type II - most remained of clients. Overall positive but slight complications are present
Type III - negative about rehab but some cooperation
Type IV - reject hearing aids and rehab
Management procedures
CARE
Counseling and psychosocial (CARE
Interpretation, information, counseling, acceptance, understanding, expectations, goals
Audibility and amplification (CARE)
HA, CI, ALD, alerting and warning, tactile, communication, instruction and orientation
Consider ALL forms of amplification.
Followed by adjustment, modification, and alteration of controls and coupler
HIO - hearing instrument orientation - give the client the purpose, function, and maintenance of HA
Remediate communication activities (CARE)
Tactics to control the situation, realistic expectations, personal skill-building
Environmental/coordination/participation improvement (CARE)
Situation improvement, vocational, educational, social, communication partner, community context
