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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Questions we need to ask to address abnormal behaviour

A
  1. Is the Behaviour Unusual?
  2. Does the behaviour violate social norms
  3. Does the behaviour involve a fauly interpretation of reality
  4. Does the behaviour cause personal distress
  5. Is the behaviour maladaptive
  6. Is the behaviour dangerous?
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2
Q

Other Criteria to define abnormal behaviour

A
  1. Culture
  2. Context
  3. Continuim between normal and abnormal behaviour
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3
Q

The Demonlogical Model

A

Mental Health created by beings outside the body. Demon Possession

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4
Q

How did they treat Demonlogical model

A

Trephining

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5
Q

Trephining

A

-To treat Demonlogical model
- Harsh practice of drilling holes in the skull

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6
Q

What did the medical model suggest

A

Imbalance of fluids causes mental health issues

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7
Q

Melacholic

A

Depression

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8
Q

Phlegmatic

A

Akin to psychotic

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9
Q

Sanguine

A

Hysterical

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10
Q

Choleric

A

Obesessive

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11
Q

What did they use in Medieval times to treat mental illness

A

Exorcism

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12
Q

Exorcism

A

Religious practice to evicting demons

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13
Q

Moral Therapy

A
  • Providing humane treatment in an encouraging enviroment.
  • Sanatoriums and mental health hospitals often constructed with courtyards / gardens
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14
Q

The Community Health Movement

A

Mental illness should be dealt with in the same organizational, administrative and professional framerwork as physical illness

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15
Q

Deinstituinalization

A

Discharge learge numbers of hospitalized mental patients to the community

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16
Q

What did the Mental Health Commision of Canda (MHCC) establish in 2007

Four Main Objectives

A
  1. To develop a national mental health stratergy
  2. To initiate an awareness campaign and reduce stigma associated with mental health issues
  3. To create a centre of knowledge to exchange ideas and best practices
  4. To support research endeavours into mental health
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16
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Mental Disorders: Diseases of the brain with underlying biological defects or abnormalities (no evil spirit)

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17
Q

Dementia Praecox

A

Biochemical Imbalance

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18
Q

General Paresis

A

Degenerative brain disorder that occurs during the final stage of syphilis

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19
Q

The Psychological Model

A
  • Organic factors alone could not explain abnormal behaviour
  • Psychodynamic model and catharsis: Freud
  • Resiliency and Coping
  • Mental health and awareness of personal condition
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20
Q

The Sociocultural Perspective

A

Psychological problems rooted in the social ills of society, such as poverty, lack of economic oppurtunity, rapid;y changing social values and morals, and racial and gender discrimination

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21
Q

Genetics

A

The Science of Heredity

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22
Q

Gene

A

Units found on chromosomes that carry heredity

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23
Q

Chromosome

A

Structures found in the nuclei of cells that carry units of heredity, or genes

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24
DNA
The molecular structure of the genome comprising 4 organic compounds: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
25
Human Genome
All the genetic material encoded in the DNA
26
Epigenetics
the study of the heritable and acquired changes in gene
27
Stem cells
Biological cells that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types
28
NE
Excesses and deficiencies linked to mood disorders and eating disprders
29
Acetylcholine
Reduced levels linked to Alzheimers disease
30
Dopamine
Excessive levels linked to schizophrenia
31
Seratonin
Imbalances of which have been linked to depressice and bipolar disorders and anxiety
32
Parts of the Nervous System
CNS PNS
33
CNS
the brain and the spinal cord
34
PNS
part of the nervous system that consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
35
Parts of CNS
1. Hind Brain 2. Mid brain 3. Fore brain 4. Reticular Activating System
36
Hindbrain
Medulla, pons and cerebellum
37
Midbrain
Lies above the hindbrain contains nerve pathway linking the hindbrain to the upper region of the brain, called the fore brain
38
Fore Brain
Basal ganglia, cerebrum Limbic System: Amygdala, hippocamous, thalamus and hypothalamus
39
Where is RAS
Satarts in the hindbrain and rises through the midbrain into the lower part of the forebrain
40
Function of RAS
Weblike network of neurons that play important roles in regulating sleep, attention and states of arousal
41
Somatic Nervous System
Relays information from the sense of organs to the brain and transmits messages from the brain to the skepetal muscles, resulting in body movements
42
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates the activities of glands and involuntary function, such as respiration, heartbeat, and digestion
43
2 parts of Autonmic NS
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
44
Who came up with Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud
45
The structure of the mind
- Unconscious - Preconscious - Conscious
46
Id
Pleasure Principle and Primary Process Thinking
47
Ego
Reality principle and Secondary Process Thinking
48
Superego
Moral Principle
49
What did Ivan Pavlov come up with
Classical Conditioning
50
What did BF skinner come up with
Operant Conditioning
51
What did Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow come up with
Humanistic Psychology
52
Human Psychology
The personal freedom human beings have in making consious choices that give their lives meaning and purpose
53
Self Actualization
In born tendncy to strive to become all they capable of being
54
2 aspects of Humanistic Perspective
Unconditional Positive Regard Conditional Positive Regard
55
Unconditional positive regard
Valuing other people as having basic worth regardless of their behaviot at a particular time
56
Conditional positive regard
valuing other people on the basis of whether their behaviour meets ones approval
57
Neo Humanistic Perspective
Emotions as adaptive Emotional Intelligence Emotion - focusses therapy
58
International Network on Personal Meaning (INPM) GIVES
Role of meaning in daily life
59
Cognitive - Behavioural Perspectives
- Albert Ellis - Irrational beleifs about unfortunate experiences fosters negative emotions and maladaptive behaviour - Ellis was one of the originators of Cognitive - Behavioural Therapy
60
What did Aaron Beck say about Cognitive - Behavioural Therapy
Depression may result from " Cognitive errors" such as judging oneself entirely on the basis of ones flaws or failures and interpretinf events in a negative light
61
What did Albert Bandura say about Cognitive - Behavioural Perspectives
Social Cognitive Theory: Emphasized the roles of thinking, or cognition, and of learning by observation or modelling
62
Downward drift hypothesis
Causes of abnormal behaviour that may reside in the failures of
63
Interactionist Perspective
Interaction of multiple factors represnting biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental domains to explain abnormal behaviour
64
The Biopsychosocial Model
Two Internal Systems: Biological and Psychological One External System: Sociocultural and Enviromental Factors
65

PSY 223 (5 decks)

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